Table 2.
Characteristics of mothers and infants in the Mommy’s Food study
(Numbers and percentages; mean values and standard deviations)
| Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | N | n | % | ||
| Maternal * | |||||
| Age (years) | 113 | ||||
| Mean | 29·6 | ||||
| sd | 3·7 | ||||
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 110 | ||||
| Median | 22·2 | ||||
| IQR | 20·6–24·3 | ||||
| Education level, n (%) | 111 | ||||
| Elementary school | 1 | 0·9 | |||
| High school | 12 | 11 | |||
| ≤ 4 years university/college | 30 | 27 | |||
| > 4 years university/college | 68 | 61 | |||
| Infant | n | ||||
| Age at study visit (months) | 108† | 3 months | 6 months | 11 months | |
| Mean | 3·3 | 6·3 | 11·5 | ||
| sd | 0·3 | 0·4 | 0·4 | ||
| Sex, n (%) girls | 112 | 56 | 50 | ||
| Gestational week at birth | |||||
| Mean | 113 | 40 | |||
| sd | 1·9 | ||||
| Premature (< GW 37) | |||||
| n | 5 | ||||
| (%) | 4 | ||||
| Birth weight | 92 | ||||
| Mean | 3513 | ||||
| sd | 495 | ||||
| Low birth weight (< 2500 g) | |||||
| n | 2 | ||||
| (%) | 2 | ||||
| Weight-for-age z-score | 102‡ | 3 months | 6 months | 11 months | |
| Mean | 0·20 | 0·59 | 0·34 | ||
| sd | 0·95 | 0·98 | 0·95 | ||
| < 2 sd (underweight) | 0 | 0 | |||
| n | 1 | ||||
| (%) | 1 | ||||
| Breast-feeding status§ | 108|| | 3 months | 6 months | 11 months | |
| Breastfed (%) | 80 | 78 | 58 | ||
| Mixed milk-fed (%) | 15 | 18 | 14 | ||
| Formula-fed (%) | 5 | 4 | 28 | ||
| Age (weeks) at the introduction of complementary foods | 77 | ||||
| Mean | 20·2 | ||||
| sd | 4·1 | ||||
IQR, interquartile range; GW, gestational week.
*
Maternal characteristics retrieved from an electronic questionnaire completed at gestational week 18.
†
Available data on: 3 months, n 108; 6 months, n 90 and 11 months, n 91.
‡
Available data on: 3 months, n 102; 6 months, n 79 and 11 months, n 60.
§
The categories ‘breastfed’ (no use of formula, exclusively or predominantly breast-feeding), ‘mixed milk feeding’ (breastfed and formula-fed) and ‘formula-fed’ (no breast-feeding, only use of formula).
||
Available data on: 3 months, n 108; 6 months, n 90 and 11 months, n 64.