Table 3. Summary of the Potentiating Effects of Efflux Pump Inhibitors.

no.	OM permeabilizers	molecular structure	combined drug	microbial species	proposed mechanisms	MICa of drug alone	MICa in combination	fold decrease	FIC	ref
a	PAβN	Scheme 3a	ciprofloxacin	P. aeruginosa	bind to the drug-binding pocket	0.125	0.032	4	N.A.	(105)
b	D13-9001	Scheme 3b	carbenicillin	P. aeruginosa	jam the machinery of efflux	64/128	4	16/32	N.A.	(110)
c	BDM88855	Scheme 3c	oxacillin	E. coli	jam the machinery of efflux	>100*	3.0*	>33.3	N.A.	(91)
d	MBX3132	Scheme 3d	minocycline	E. coli	bind to the drug-binding pocket	1	0.25	4	N.A.	(111)
e	MBX3132	Scheme 3e	levofloxacin	K. pneumoniae	bind to the drug-binding pocket	1	0.25	4	N.A.	(111)
f	MBX4191	Scheme 3f	minocycline	E. coli, K. pneumoniae	bind to the drug-binding pocket	32–128	4	8–32	N.A.	(112)
g	β-thujaplicin analogs	Scheme 3g	doxycycline	E. coli	downregulate the expression of efflux pumps	156*	122*	1.3	N.A.	(103)
h	Loperamide	Scheme 3h	minocycline	P. aeruginosa	PMF collapse	32	1	32	<0.28	(104)
i	IITR08027	Scheme 3i	norfloxacin	E. coli	PMF collapse	0.3215	0.0098	32	N.A.	(116)
j	econazole	Scheme 3j	colistin	E. coli	PMF collapse	>64	0.5	128	<0.5	(118)
k	tobramycin-efflux pump inhibitor hybrid	Scheme 3k	minocycline	P. aeruginosa	PMF collapse	8	0.5	16	0.19	(120)
l	tobramycin-lysine hybrid	Scheme 3l	novobiocin	P. aeruginosa	PMF collapse	1024	8	128	0.04	(122)
m	C12(ω7) K-β12	Scheme 3m	erythromycin	E. coli	PMF collapse	512	0.5	1024	≤0.20	(124)
n	PAS8-b-PDM12	Scheme 2g	novobiocin	E. coli	PMF collapse	100	0.195	512	0.25	(82)

^aThe MIC is given as μg/mL, except when specified by “*”, which indicates that the MIC is given as μM. PMF, proton motive force; N.A., not available.