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. 2023 Mar 1;8(1):44–52. doi: 10.22540/JFSF-08-044

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Mechanisms of sarcopenia and metabolic modifications in rheumatoid arthritis (by An HJ et al.[36] published under CC BY 4.0 license) IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; IGFBP, insulin-like growth factor binding protein; IL-1, interleukin-1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; GC, glucocorticoid; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; gp 130, glycoprotein 130; Pax7, paired box 7; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; IKK, IκB kinase; IκB, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; JAK, Janus kinase; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; MuRF-1, muscle RING-finger 1; UPS, ubiquitin proteasome system.