Table 1.
Baseline and follow-up characteristics stratified by baseline BMI and CRF tertiles
| Cardiorespiratory fitness | Body mass index | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 3.3–6.1 METs (n = 1,694) | Tertile 2 6.2–7.8 METs (n = 1,786) | Tertile 3 7.9–16.7 METs (n = 1,629) | Tertile 1 24.53–32.60 kg/m2 (n = 1,703) | Tertile 2 32.61–37.77 kg/m2 (n = 1,703) | Tertile 3 37.78–63.53 kg/m2 (n = 1,703) | P value for CRF tertiles | P value for BMI tertiles | |
| Baseline variables | ||||||||
| Estimated CRF, METs | 5.2 (0.6) | 7.0 (0.5) | 9.5 (1.4) | 8.1 (2.2) | 7.3 (1.8) | 6.2 (1.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 38.8 (6.7) | 36.0 (5.1) | 32.9 (4.0) | 30.1 (1.8) | 35.0 (1.5) | 42.7 (4.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 60.8 (6.9) | 58.3 (6.6) | 57.1 (6.4) | 60.2 (6.9) | 58.8 (6.8) | 57.2 (6.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Female, % | 75.7 | 61.8 | 40.5 | 54.6 | 58.0 | 66.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| White, % | 60.7 | 62.7 | 66.6 | 62.2 | 63.0 | 64.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Education, % | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| <13 years | 25.1 | 19.9 | 14.1 | 19.4 | 21.4 | 18.6 | ||
| 13–16 years | 41.2 | 37.8 | 32.7 | 33.9 | 36.5 | 41.5 | ||
| >16 years | 31.5 | 39.8 | 51.1 | 44.3 | 39.6 | 38.2 | ||
| Missing | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.8 | ||
| Income, % | <0.001 | 0.007 | ||||||
| <$20,000 | 15.6 | 11.7 | 6.8 | 11.7 | 11.2 | 11.2 | ||
| $20,000 to $39,999 | 26.6 | 18.3 | 12.4 | 18.0 | 19.8 | 19.7 | ||
| $40,000 to $59,999 | 19.1 | 19.2 | 17.3 | 18.1 | 18.0 | 19.4 | ||
| $60,000 to $79,999 | 12.9 | 15.0 | 15.9 | 12.5 | 14.6 | 16.6 | ||
| ≥$80,000 | 14.6 | 25.9 | 39.7 | 29.5 | 26.3 | 23.8 | ||
| Missing | 11.3 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 9.3 | ||
| Weight, kg | 105.4 (21.1) | 100.8 (18.9) | 95.6 (16.1) | 85.2 (11.2) | 98.5 (12.3) | 118.3 (16.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 132 (18) | 129 (17) | 126 (16) | 126 (17) | 129 (17) | 132 (17) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 69 (10) | 70 (10) | 72 (9) | 70 (10) | 70 (10) | 70 (10) | <0.001 | 0.14 |
| History of hypertension, % | 89.9 | 84.1 | 75.0 | 78.1 | 83.2 | 88.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| History of CVD, % | 16.9 | 12.0 | 10.7 | 14.2 | 14.3 | 11.2 | <0.001 | 0.008 |
| Insulin use, % | 20.7 | 16.7 | 9.9 | 12.4 | 16.4 | 18.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Smoking, % | 0.23 | 0.37 | ||||||
| Never | 50.7 | 51.4 | 48.6 | 50.3 | 49.4 | 51.0 | ||
| Past | 44.4 | 44.3 | 47.5 | 45.4 | 45.4 | 45.2 | ||
| Current | 4.9 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 3.8 | ||
| Alcohol, % | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| None / week | 75.9 | 68.6 | 58.7 | 63.3 | 68.1 | 72.1 | ||
| 1–3 / week | 16.1 | 19.7 | 22.5 | 19.5 | 19.8 | 18.9 | ||
| 4+ / week | 8.1 | 11.8 | 18.8 | 17.3 | 12.2 | 9.0 | ||
| HbA1c, % | 7.4 (1.2) | 7.3 (1.2) | 7.1 (1.1) | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.2 (1.2) | 7.4 (1.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| GFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 86.9 (17.5) | 90.8 (15.6) | 91.5 (14.3) | 88.1 (15.3) | 89.6 (16.0) | 91.4 (16.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 111 (33) | 113 (32) | 113 (32) | 112 (33) | 111 (31) | 113 (33) | 0.28 | 0.58 |
| ILI treatment group, % | 48.8 | 50.5 | 50.3 | 51.3 | 49.2 | 49.2 | 0.57 | 0.34 |
| Follow-up variables | ||||||||
| Interval MI, % | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | <0.001 | 0.18 |
Data presented as mean (standard deviation) or percentage. Comparison across groups performed using Cochran-Armitage test for categorical variables and Jonckheere-Terpstra test for continuous variables. Follow-up variables were assessed after the baseline visit.
BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; CRF = cardiorespiratory fitness; CVD = cardiovascular disease; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; ILI = intensive lifestyle intervention; LDL-C = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; METs = metabolic equivalents; MI = myocardial infarction.