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. 2023 Feb 28;15:12. doi: 10.1186/s13073-023-01161-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Study overview. Using the Generation Scotland cohort as our main data source, we explored the relationship between the epigenome and age/survival via EWAS, which also informed on genes of interest and potentially enriched pathways. We further characterised epigenome-wide CpG ~ age trajectories, which can be visualised in a new Shiny app, MethylBrowsR (https://shiny.igmm.ed.ac.uk/MethylBrowsR/). Finally, we refined epigenetic prediction of both cAge and bAge. Calculation of cAge can be performed either using a standalone script (https://github.com/elenabernabeu/cage_bage/tree/main/cage_predictor) or by uploading DNAm data to our MethylDetectR shiny app (https://shiny.igmm.ed.ac.uk/MethylDetectR/). As the weights for GrimAge and its component parts are not publicly available, bAge can only be calculated by using our standalone script (https://github.com/elenabernabeu/cage_bage/tree/main/bage_predictor), after obtaining GrimAge estimates from an external online calculator (http://dnamage.genetics.ucla.edu/new)