TABLE 3.
Sample characteristics of women considered at high risk of developing gestational diabetes (N = 77 210) and their associated stillbirth rates in non‐anomalous pregnancies ≥24+0 gestational weeks (“pre‐GDM screening,” i.e., January 2008 to December 2010) and after (“GDM screening” i.e., January 2011 to December 2019) implementation of the universal gestational diabetes screening program in Austria
| Pre‐GDM screening | GDM screening | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008–2010 | 2011–2019 | ||||
| Baseline characteristics | Estimates | 95% CI | Estimates | 95% CI | p‐value a |
| Women at high risk for GDM | 11 712 (5.4) | 5.26–5.45 | 65 498 (9.1) | 9.01–9.14 | <0.001 |
| Antepartum stillbirths, n (‰) | 48 (4.10) | 3.09–5.43 | 194 (2.96) | 2.57–3.41 | 0.043 |
| Maternal age (years) | 32 (26.5–36.0) | 28.69–35.00 | 31 (27.0–36.0) | 31.00–32.15 | 0.883 |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 32.8 (31.2–35.85) | 31.43–34.29 | 32.9 (31.1–35.8) | 32.00–33.65 | 0.695 |
| Stillbirth age (weeks) | 34.0 (30.0–38.0) | 31.69–37.00 | 35.5 (30.0–39.0) | 35.00–36.00 | 0.579 |
| Fetal sex | |||||
| Male | 19 (39.6) | 26.69–54.11 | 112 (57.7) | 50.62–64.54 | 0.024 |
| Female | 29 (60.4) | 45.89–73.31 | 82 (42.3) | 35.46–49.38 | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GDM, gestational diabetes. Estimates are presented as n (%) or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated.
a
p‐values were calculated using the unpaired t‐test, the Mann–Whitney U test and the Chi‐squared test, respectively.