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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychopathol. 2022 Aug 12;34(5):1841–1855. doi: 10.1017/s0954579422000785

Table 3.

Parameter estimates for models of realized alcohol resistance

Latent variable Manifest variable Resistance to alcohol initiation Resistance to HED Resistance to AUD
λ [95% CI] λ [95% CI] λ [95% CI]
F-C rel. quality F-C bonding 0.82 [0.76, 0.88] 0.80 [0.75, 0.85] 0.75 [0.70, 0.79]
F-C rel. quality F-C closeness 0.70 [0.64, 0.76] 0.66 [0.61, 0.72] 0.71 [0.67, 0.75]
F-C rel. quality F-C communication 0.60 [0.52, 0.67] 0.62 [0.56, 0.68] 0.62 [0.57, 0.67]
F-C rel. quality F-C involvement 0.62 [0.55, 0.69] 0.67 [0.62, 0.73] 0.64 [0.59, 0.68]
M-C rel. quality M-C bonding 0.70 [0.62, 0.78] 0.74 [0.68, 0.80] 0.66 [0.61, 0.71]
M-C rel. quality M-C closeness 0.64 [0.56, 0.72] 0.66 [0.60, 0.71] 0.67 [0.63, 0.72]
M-C rel. quality M-C communication 0.45 [0.36, 0.54] 0.53 [0.46, 0.60] 0.57 [0.52, 0.62]
M-C rel. quality M-C involvement 0.52 [0.44, 0.61] 0.59 [0.53, 0.66] 0.56 [0.51, 0.61]
Predictor Outcome β^[95% CI] β^[95% CI] β^[95% CI]
F-C rel. quality Peer drinking −0.03 [−0.19, 0.12] −0.07 [−0.20, 0.06] −0.05 [−0.14, 0.04]
M-C rel. quality Peer drinking −0.17 [−0.33, −0.01] −0.19 [−0.32, −0.06] −0.06 [−0.15, 0.04]
Parental monitoring Peer drinking −0.08 [−0.19, 0.03] −0.10 [−0.19, −0.01] −0.20 [−0.27, −0.13]
F-C rel. quality Partner drinking −0.13 [−0.37, 0.11] −0.14 [−0.31, 0.04] −0.10 [−0.23, 0.03]
M-C rel. quality Partner drinking −0.04 [−0.26, 0.19] −0.16 [−0.33, 0.01] −0.15 [−0.29, −0.02]
Parental monitoring Partner drinking −0.07 [−0.26, 0.11] −0.04 [−0.17, 0.09] −0.06 [−0.15, 0.03]
F-C rel. quality Social competence −0.10 [−0.27, 0.07] −0.11 [−0.24, 0.03] 0.09 [−0.02, 0.19]
M-C rel. quality Social competence 0.07 [−0.10, 0.25] 0.23 [0.09, 0.38] 0.15 [0.04, 0.26]
Parental monitoring Social competence 0.24 [0.13, 0.36] 0.15 [0.05, 0.25] 0.07 [−0.01, 0.15]
F-C rel. quality Alcohol resistance −0.19 [−0.35, −0.03] −0.04 [−0.17, 0.10] 0.00 [−0.11, 0.10]
M-C rel. quality Alcohol resistance 0.16 [−0.01, 0.33] 0.03 [−0.11, 0.18] 0.09 [−0.03, 0.20]
Parental monitoring Alcohol resistance −0.08 [−0.20, 0.03] −0.07 [−0.17, 0.03] −0.03 [−0.11, 0.05]
Peer drinking Alcohol resistance −0.01 [−0.13, 0.10] 0.02 [−0.08, 0.11] −0.02 [−0.10, 0.05]
Partner drinking Alcohol resistance 0.00 [−0.19, 0.18] −0.05 [−0.19, 0.10] 0.03 [−0.07, 0.12]
Social competence Alcohol resistance −0.04 [−0.14, 0.06] 0.10 [0.01, 0.20] 0.00 [−0.07, 0.07]
Variable X Variable Y Corr. [95% CI] Corr. [95% CI] Corr. [95% CI]
F-C rel. quality M-C rel. quality 0.63 [0.53, 0.72] 0.62 [0.55, 0.70] 0.58 [0.51, 0.64]
F-C rel. quality Parental monitoring 0.52 [0.44, 0.60] 0.50 [0.43, 0.57] 0.44 [0.38, 0.49]
M-C rel. quality Parental monitoring 0.50 [0.41, 0.58] 0.54 [0.48, 0.61] 0.53 [0.48, 0.58]
Peer drinking Social competence 0.04 [−0.05, 0.13] 0.06 [−0.02, 0.14] 0.06 [0.00, 0.12]
Peer drinking Partner drinking 0.37 [0.25, 0.48] 0.37 [0.29, 0.45] 0.41 [0.36, 0.47]
Partner drinking Social competence 0.04 [−0.13, 0.21] 0.07 [−0.06, 0.20] 0.04 [−0.05, 0.13]

Notes. Statistically significant associations are shown in bold font. Abbreviations. F-C = father-child; M-C = mother-child; HED = heavy episodic drinking; AUD = alcohol use disorder.