. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2022 Sep 13;215(Pt 2):114322. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114322

Table 4.

Associations between combined child PFAS exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes (ASD, DD, OEC versus TD) and MSEL and VABS Composite scores from repeated holdout weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression.

Outcome ^a	Direction	OR or β ^b	Mean	Median	5^th PCT	95^th PCT
ASD vs. TD	Positive	OR	1.57	1.59	1.16	2.13
DD vs. TD	Positive	OR	1.22	1.23	0.81	1.85
OEC vs. TD	Positive	OR	1.02	1.03	0.68	1.53

MSEL Composite	Negative	β	−3.45	−3.55	−6.44	−0.47
VABS Composite	Negative	β	−3.34	−3.21	−6.37	−0.31

Outcome (n) for repeated holdout WQS regression: ASD (174), TD (166), DD (87), OEC (73), MSEL Composite (499), VABS Composite (500)

Regression models were adjusted for CHARGE frequency matching factors (child’s sex and age at sampling, recruitment regional center), sampling year, gestational age at delivery, mother’s birthplace, parity, mother’s race/ethnicity, homeownership, and breastfeeding duration

Note: Weight distributions of individual PFAS from each 100 repetitions of WQS are presented in Figure S4.