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. 2022 Dec 8;10(3):nwac279. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwac279

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — High seas shipping mileage distribution. Based on our GEEM calculation results, (a–f) report the average top 10 shipping mileage routes for North Pacific Ocean High Sea (a), South Pacific Ocean High Sea (b), North Atlantic Ocean High Sea (c), South Atlantic Ocean High Sea (d), Indian Ocean High Sea (e), and Other High Seas (f). The specific percentages in (a–f) indicate shipping mileage proportions of each high seas region during our GEEM sample period.