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. 2023 Jan 16;51(4):e24. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac1252

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Schematic illustrations of circRNA switches and circuits. (A) Design of miRNA or protein-responsive circRNA switch. miRNA-responsive circRNA has the antisense of target miRNA sequence at the UTR. Protein-responsive circRNA has a protein-binding motif in IRES region. In both systems, gene expression from circRNA is repressed if the target miRNA or protein is present. (B) Scheme of circRNA circuit composed of miRNA- and protein-responsive circRNA switches. The first output (MS2CP or U1A protein) is encoded on a miRNA-responsive circRNA switch, and the second output (reporter protein) is encoded on a protein-responsive circRNA switch. In the OFF state (absence of input miRNAs), MS2CP or U1A protein represses translation of the second output gene-coding circRNA. In ON state (presence of input miRNAs), the MS2CP or U1A translation is repressed by the miRNAs, which leads to output translation.