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. 2023 Jan 20;51(4):1674–1686. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac1274

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

A model of DNA-mimic hairpin loop. (A) Sequence of ZNF410 in the secondary structural element of β4-hairpin loop-αB. (B) The hairpin loop displays an electronegative surface (blue for positive, red for negative and white for neutral). (C) The hairpin loop forms potential interactions with four out of five ZFs. (D) The hairpin loop forms four pairs of electrostatic interactions. (E) Three serine residues link two arginine residues of ZF1 and ZF2. (F) Pairwise interactions between hairpin loop (top) and ZFs (bottom). (G) ATF4 and HIC2 control BCL11A expression, and ZNF410 controls CHD4 expression, which is a component of NuRD. Together, BCL11A and NuRD silence fetal hemoglobin expression. Phosphorylation of either or both of ATF4 and ZNF410 might activate fetal hemoglobin expression. (H) Sequence alignment of known ATF4 phosphorylation sites (red S/T), ZNF410 hairpin loop and the HIC2 loop inserted between two ZF units.