Figure 3.

Standardized absolute risk over time. Standardized absolute risk over 10 years for the primary cohort, where subjects with indications other than hypertension for treatment with β-adrenergic antagonists were excluded. 95% CIs are shaded. Models were corrected and P-values adjusted for multiple comparisons as described in the ‘Materials and methods’ section. (A) Absolute risk of Alzheimer's with death as a competing risk, showing significantly reduced risk for those taking high BBB permeability βBs (pink) compared to low BBB permeability βBs (blue) from 1.5 years onward. (B) Absolute risk of death with Alzheimer's disease as a competing risk. (C) Absolute risk of any dementia (including Alzheimer's, unspecified dementia and other causes) with death as a competing risk. n.s. = not significant.