Table 2.

Group differences of hand kinematics

	Stroke patients	Healthy controls	P (t-test)a	df	Tb
Finger-tapping
ȃEfficiency	−252.22 ± 82.77	−173.58 ± 27.82	0.002	20.8	3.82
ȃAccuracy	−8.70 ± 3.49	−6.51 ± 2.28	0.041	29.3	2.22
ȃSmoothness	−2.14 ± 0.16	−2.04 ± 0.06	0.024	21.3	2.55
ȃSpeed	325.05 ± 93.54	428.22 ± 80.37	0.002	33.2	3.55
Reach-to-point
ȃEfficiency	−539.42 ± 213.46	−336.63 ± 63.01	0.002	19.9	3.87
ȃAccuracy	−20.47 ± 2.75	−20.08 ± 2.60	0.668	33.9	0.43
ȃSmoothness	−2.58 ± 0.65	−1.84 ± 0.37	<0.001	26.9	4.18
ȃSpeed	9.43 ± 2.47	12.54 ± 2.53	0.002	34.0	3.73
Reach-Grasp-Lift
ȃEfficiency	−906.60 ± 257.56	−600.53 ± 136.59	<0.001	25.9	4.45
ȃAccuracy	−23.47 ± 15.97	−19.46 ± 7.60	0.376	24.3	0.96
ȃSmoothness	−3.65 ± 0.92	−2.87 ± 0.26	0.003	19.8	3.47
ȃSpeed	7.79 ± 2.24	9.77 ± 2.01	0.012	33.6	2.80

Efficiency = inverted movement time (ms); accuracy = inverted error, measured by distance to target (mm); smoothness = inverted number of velocity peaks; speed = peak velocity (mm/s); df = degrees of freedom. P-values < 0.05 are highlighted in bold.

All P-values are FDR-corrected for multiple comparisons.

T-value of Welch’s t-test.