Table 1.

Main demographic and histopathological findings in patients with history of TBI and healthy controls

Casea	Age	Manner of death	PMI (h)	Blast exposure	Impact TBI	Astrogliosisb
1	63	Natural (cardiovascular)	12	None reported	None reported	None
2	70	Accident (MVA)	<12	None reported	MVA	Mild
3	65	Undetermined	N/A	None reported	Fall	Moderate
4	48	Natural (cardiovascular)	22	None reported	None reported	None
5	52	Suicide	N/A	None reported	Multiple concussions; MVA (4 months prior to death)	None
6	32	Suicide	N/A	None reported	None reported	Mild
7	59	Suicide	21	None reported	Multiple MVAs (2015, 2020)	None
8	38	Suicide	N/A	IED exposure with LOC	As secondary injury	Scar-forming
9	46	Suicide	N/A	Multiple	Multiple concussions; MVA (at age 14)	Scar-forming
10	29	Suicide	<48	Multiple	Fall with LOC (at age 27)	Scar-forming
11	35	Undetermined	<56	Multiple	None reported	Scar-forming
12	40	Suicide	N/A	At least one exposure	Multiple concussions	Scar-forming
13	64	Natural (cardiovascular)	<48	None reported	None reported	Scar-forming
14	44	Suicide	N/A	Multiple	Multiple MVAs (at age 5 and at early twenties)	Scar-forming

IED = improvised explosive device; LOC = loss of consciousness; MVA = motor vehicle accident; N/A = not applicable; PMI = post-mortem interval.

All subjects in this study were males.

Microscopically confirmed GFAP-positive.