Fig 2. Interactions of gender, race/ethnicity, career interest, and seniority.

Legend. Patterns for gender and race/ethnicity were generally similar to the primary analysis; however, they also showed interactions with career interest and seniority. Career interest showed a significant main effect, with higher CSE for those strongly interested in becoming a PI at a research-intensive institution compared to those with moderate -to-no interest in this career path. The effects of seniority trended slightly higher for junior trainees than senior trainees, but differences were more pronounced in the career interest x seniority interaction, which attained significance. Post-hoc t-tests were conducted between all possible pairings as illustrated by each end of the respective bracket. P-values indicate significance of Tukey’s multiple comparison tests (see S5 File for full table of values), ****p<0.0001, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, and *p<0.05. Significance values at the bottom of each panel (a-d) indicate interactions. Panel 2d displays the 3-way ANOVA with only multiple comparisons not represented in other panels included (e.g., not displayed in panels 2a-c). Note: WR = Well-Represented, UR = Underrepresented, JR = Junior, SR = Senior. Color differences (green and purple) indicate the primary variables. For 2a gender (male vs. female), 2b race/ethnicity (WR vs. UR), 2c career interest (PI vs. non-PI), and 1d race/ethnicity (WR vs. UR) and career interest.