Fig 5. Quantification of the electroretinographic parameters.

Panels A-C show the normalized "on," "off," and photoreceptor response potentials (PRP) at one day post-eclosion for the indicated genotypes. All of the flies expressing Sph-1 displayed at least one altered visual parameter compared to the control strain. Panels D-F demonstrate that the expression of Sph-1 in aged flies has a greater effect on visual parameters compared to the control. Nicotine treatment mainly rescues the "off" transient, with a greater effect in the lines expressing Sph-1 in dopaminergic neurons (th and ddc). However, in the UAS-Sph-1/+; UAS-ddc-GAL4/+ flies, which express Sph-1 in both dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons, the PRP is also rescued. Statistical significance was determined using two-way ANOVAs followed by a Tukey post-hoc test, with n = 20. *p>0.05, **p>0.02, ***p>0.001, ****p>0.0001, ns = not significant.