Table 2.
Accessibility to healthcare services, as well as psychological and self-care behavioral factors associated with hypertension treatment and control among adults with hypertension
| Treatment | Control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | p value | n (%) | p value | |
| Accessibility to healthcare services | |||||
| Distance from nearest health center | |||||
| <1 mile (1.609344 km) | 232 (56.6) | 118 (50.9) | 0.1455 | 53 (22.8) | 0.1727 |
| 1–5 miles (1.609344–8.04672 km) | 152 (37.1) | 64 (42.1) | 24 (15.8) | ||
| >5 miles (8.04672 km) | 26 (6.3) | 15 (57.7) | 7 (26.9) | ||
| Satisfaction based on healthcare services | |||||
| Completely | 324 (79.0) | 150 (46.3) | 0.1680 | 62 (19.1) | 0.1880 |
| To some extent/not at all | 86 (21.0) | 47 (54.7) | 22 (25.6) | ||
| Perceived healthcare costs | |||||
| Cheap | 308 (75.3) | 150 (48.7) | 0.7053 | 64 (20.8) | 0.8329 |
| Expensive | 101 (24.7) | 47 (46.5) | 20 (19.8) | ||
| Psychological factors | |||||
| Knowledge on hypertension | |||||
| Inadequate | 225 (54.9) | 86 (38.2) | <0.0001 | 39 (17.3) | 0.0809 |
| Adequate | 185 (45.1) | 111 (60.0) | 45 (24.3) | ||
| Self-efficacy to manage hypertension | |||||
| Poor | 331 (80.7) | 156 (47.1) | 0.4459 | 60 (18.1) | 0.0153 |
| Good | 79 (19.3) | 41 (51.9) | 24 (30.4) | ||
| Self-care behaviors | |||||
| Adherence to medication | |||||
| Non-adherence (<14 scores) | 311 (75.9) | 98 (31.5) | <0.0001 | 44 (14.2) | <0.0001 |
| Adherence (14 scores) | 99 (24.2) | 99 (100.0) | 40 (40.4) | ||
| Adherence to healthy diet | |||||
| Low/middle diet quality (<52 scores) | 402 (98.1) | 192 (47.8) | 0.4087 | 83 (20.7) | 0.5719 |
| High diet quality (≥52 scores) | 8 (2.0) | 5 (62.5) | 1 (12.5) | ||
| Adherence to physical activity | |||||
| Non-adherence (<8 scores) | 308 (75.1) | 135 (43.8) | 0.0030 | 55 (17.9) | 0.0218 |
| Adherence (≥8 scores) | 102 (24.9) | 62 (60.8) | 29 (28.4) | ||
| Adherence to avoidance of tobacco use | |||||
| Non-adherence (≥1 scores) | 204 (49.8) | 101 (49.5) | 0.5557 | 44 (21.6) | 0.5895 |
| Adherence (0 score) | 206 (50.2) | 96 (46.6) | 40 (19.4) | ||
| Adherence to weight management | |||||
| Non adherence (<40 scores) | 371 (90.5) | 173 (46.6) | 0.0763 | 75 (20.2) | 0.6737 |
| Adherence (≥40 scores) | 39 (9.5) | 24 (61.5) | 9 (23.1) | ||
| Avoidance of harmful alcohol drinking | |||||
| No (>14 scores [M] and >7 [W]) | 9 (2.2) | 2 (22.2) | 0.1169 | 1 (11.1) | 0.4810 |
| Yes (≤14 scores [M] and ≤7 [W]) | 401 (97.8) | 195 (48.6) | 83 (20.7) | ||
Abbreviations: M, men; W, women.