Table 2.
Estimates (SE), p-Values | ||
---|---|---|
Model’s Term | Grip Strength | Gait Function |
Risk factors | ||
Presence of ApoE ε4 × Time | −0.343 (0.100), <.001 | −0.001 (0.002), .676 |
Number of vascular risk factors × Time | 0.026 (0.052), .619 | 0.001 (0.001), .477 |
History of stroke × Time | 0.094 (0.109), .387 | −0.007 (0.002), .003 |
Dementia × Time | −0.901 (0.084), <.001 | −0.012 (0.002), <.001 |
Brain pathologies | ||
Neurodegenerative | ||
Amyloid × Time | −0.176 (0.039), <.001 | −0.001 (0.001), .140 |
Tangles × Time | −0.195 (0.033), <.001 | −0.002 (0.001), .003 |
TDP-43 × Time | −0.402 (0.093), <.001 | −0.004 (0.002), .065 |
Hippocampal sclerosis × Time | −0.504 (0.138), <.001 | −0.003 (0.003), .405 |
Lewy bodies × Time | −0.387 (0.097), <.001 | −0.005 (0.002), .019 |
Nigral neuronal loss × Time | −0.539 (0.131), <.001 | −0.010 (0.003), <.001 |
Cerebrovascular | ||
Macroinfarcts × Time | −0.183 (0.092), .046 | −0.010 (0.002), <.001 |
Microinfarcts × Time | −0.078 (0.093), .402 | −0.004 (0.002), .047 |
Atherosclerosis × Time | −0.100 (0.097), .304 | −0.008 (0.002), <.001 |
Arteriolosclerosis × Time | −0.237 (0.097), .014 | −0.006 (0.002), .001 |
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy × Time | −0.237 (0.090), .009 | −0.003 (0.002), .107 |
Notes: ApoE ε4 = ε4 allele of apolipoproteinE gene; SE = standard error; TDP-43: transactive response DNA binding protein-43. Two series of 15 mixed-effects models examined the associations of each of the 4 risk factors, 6 neurodegenerative, and 5 cerebrovascular pathologies shown in the left column with either grip strength decline (middle column) or gait function decline (right column). Each model included 9 terms including time (the rate of change of either grip strength or gait function), cross-sectional terms for age at death, sex, education, and a single risk factor or pathology shown in the left column as well as the interaction of these 4 terms with time. Each cell in the middle and right columns shows the Estimate, SE, and p-value of the interaction between a specific risk factor or pathology with either the rate of grip strength decline or gait function decline.