Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of Men by Fall Injury Status
| % or Mean ± Standard Deviation | Total (N = 5 178) | Any Fall Injury (N = 2 090) | No Fall Injury (N = 3 088) | p Value (any fall injury vs no fall injury) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age at baseline, years | 73.4 ± 5.7 | 74.0 ± 5.8 | 72.9 ± 5.6 | <.0001 |
| White race, % | 89.8 | 91.9 | 88.4 | <.0001 |
| Anthropometry | ||||
| Height, cm | 174.4 ± 6.8 | 174.3 ± 6.9 | 174.3 ± 6.7 | .53 |
| Weight, kg | 83.2 ± 13.0 | 83.5 ± 13.2 | 83.0 ± 12.9 | .17 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.3 ± 3.7 | 27.4 ± 3.8 | 27.3 ± 3.7 | .24 |
| Total body fat mass, kg | 21.7 ± 7.0 | 22.0 ± 7.2 | 21.5 ± 6.9 | .006 |
| Total lean mass, kg | 57.0 ± 7.1 | 56.9 ± 7.1 | 57.0 ± 7.2 | .67 |
| Lifestyle characteristics | ||||
| Current smoker, % | 5.3 | 4.2 | 5.9 | .02 |
| >1 alcohol drink/week, % | 53.3 | 55.7 | 51.7 | .004 |
| Physical activity, PASE score | 148.8 ± 67.8 | 146.7 ± 66.7 | 150.3 ± 68.6 | .06 |
| Clinical measures | ||||
| Ankle–brachial index, % | .14 | |||
| ≤0.9 (low) | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.0 | |
| 1.0–1.4 (normal) | 90.7 | 89.8 | 91.4 | |
| ≥1.4 (high) | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.7 | |
| Hip/joint pain, % | 23.0 | 26.3 | 21.2 | <.0001 |
| Teng 3MS score | 93.5 ± 5.6 | 93.7 ± 5.1 | 93.4 ± 5.9 | .05 |
| Trails B, seconds to complete | 130.8 ± 56.3 | 129.8 ± 54.4 | 131.4 ± 57.5 | .31 |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | .50 |
| GFR, CKD-EPI cystatin C equation | 73.7 ± 17.5 | 72.7 ± 17.0 | 74.5 ± 17.9 | .07 |
| History of falls | ||||
| Self-reported ≥1 fall in past year, % | 20.6 | 29.3 | 14.9 | <.0001 |
| Self-reported ≥2 falls in past year, % | 8.6 | 13.9 | 5.0 | .0001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension, % | 42.2 | 44.3 | 41.0 | .02 |
| Diabetes, % | 14.6 | 15.3 | 14.2 | .23 |
| Congestive heart failure, % | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.2 | .24 |
| Myocardial infarction, % | 12.9 | 14.8 | 11.6 | .001 |
| Stroke, % | 5.1 | 6.1 | 4.4 | .006 |
| Parkinson’s disease, % | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | .23 |
| Medications | ||||
| Total # of medications | 4.0 ± 3.5 | 4.5 ± 3.9 | 3.7 ± 3.3 | <.0001 |
| Physical performance | ||||
| 6-m usual gait speed, m/s | 1.26 ± 0.23 | 1.25 ± 0.23 | 1.27 ± 0.22 | .02 |
| Narrow walk speed, m/s | 1.16 ± 0.27 | 1.14 ± 0.27 | 1.17 ± 0.26 | .002 |
| Chair stands speed, #/second | 0.48 ± 0.14 | 0.47 ± 0.15 | 0.49 ± 0.14 | <.0001 |
| Muscle function | ||||
| Nottingham leg power, W/kg body weight | 2.53 ± 0.70 | 2.47 ± 0.68 | 2.59 ± 0.70 | <.0001 |
| Grip strength, kg/kg body weight | 0.51 ± 0.11 | 0.50 ± 0.11 | 0.52 ± 0.11 | <.0001 |
Notes: 3MS = Modified Mini-Mental State Examination; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD-EPI = Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; PASE = Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly.