Table 1. Comparing COVID-19 cancer patients with and without long-term symptoms (at least 30 days after their COVID-19 diagnosis).
| Variables | Having long-term symptoms | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| (n=124) | (n=188) | ||
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Age (years), median (range) | 57 (18–85) | 57 (21–86) | 0.47 |
| Age ≥65 | 33 (27) | 50 (27) | >0.99 |
| Gender | 0.036 | ||
| Male | 61 (49) | 70 (37) | |
| Female | 63 (51) | 118 (63) | |
| Race | 0.45 | ||
| Caucasian | 66 (53) | 102 (54) | |
| Black | 24 (19) | 26 (14) | |
| Hispanic | 28 (23) | 52 (28) | |
| Asian | 5 (4) | 8 (4) | |
| Other | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Prior COPD/bronchiolitis obliterans | 4 (3) | 7 (4) | >0.99 |
| History of hypertension | 70 (56) | 69/187 (37) | <0.001 |
| History of heart failure | 3 (2) | 5/186 (3) | >0.99 |
| Type of cancer | 0.92 | ||
| Hematological malignancy | 31 (25) | 48 (26) | |
| Solid tumor | 93 (75) | 140 (74) | |
| Metastasis | 42/93 (45) | 74/140 (53) | 0.25 |
| Status of cancer | 0.023 | ||
| Being treated initially | 65/123 (53) | 96 (51) | |
| Remission | 22/123 (18) | 56 (30) | |
| Refractory or relapse | 36/123 (29) | 36 (19) | |
| Chemotherapy within 1 year prior to COVID-19 | 74 (60) | 94 (50) | 0.09 |
| Immunotherapy within 6 months prior to COVID-19 | 7/123 (6) | 9/186 (5) | 0.74 |
| Radiation therapy within 6 months prior to COVID-19 | 12 (10) | 20 (11) | 0.78 |
| Severe COVID-19 at diagnosis | 32 (26) | 25 (14) | 0.009 |
| Cancer treatment delayed | 46/108 (43) | 66/174 (38) | 0.44 |
| Mortality* | 33 (27) | 18 (10) | <0.0001 |
| Hypoxia at diagnosis | 25 (20) | 23/180 (13) | 0.08 |
| Oxygen flow at diagnosis | 0.20 | ||
| High flow | 6/30 (20) | 6/43 (14) | |
| Low flow | 15/30 (50) | 15/43 (35) | |
| None | 9/30 (30) | 22/43 (51) | |
| Non-invasive ventilation at diagnosis | 16 (13) | 13/179 (7) | 0.10 |
| Lab values at COVID-19 diagnosis | |||
| ALC <1 K/µL | 44/74 (59) | 57/94 (61) | 0.88 |
| ANC <0.5 K/µL | 5/75 (7) | 5/89 (6) | >0.99 |
| Hemoglobin <10 g/dL | 23/65 (35) | 16/78 (21) | 0.06 |
| LDH ≥250 U/L | 29/58 (50) | 41/67 (61) | 0.21 |
| D-dimer ≥1 mcg/mL | 28/54 (52) | 27/61 (44) | 0.42 |
| Ferritin ≥500 ng/mL | 30/54 (56) | 36/59 (61) | 0.56 |
| CRP ≥40 mg/L | 32/56 (57) | 43/63 (68) | 0.21 |
| IL-6 ≥25 pg/mL | 18/41 (44) | 20/48 (42) | 0.83 |
| LRTI at diagnosis or progression to LRTI | 29 (23) | 35/182 (19) | 0.38 |
| Hospital admission | 52 (42) | 65 (35) | 0.19 |
| Remdesivir treatment | 17 (14) | 18 (10) | 0.26 |
| IL-6 pathway inhibitors – tocilizumab | 8 (6) | 5 (3) | 0.10 |
| Convalescent plasma | 8 (6) | 15 (8) | 0.61 |
| Steroids | 18 (15) | 19 (10) | 0.24 |
| Multiorgan failure | 6/121 (5) | 8/180 (4) | 0.84 |
*
1. Patients who died within 30 days after COVID-19 diagnosis were excluded from this study. 2. Mortality status was determined within 14 months after COVID-19 diagnosis.