Fig. 2.

Subtyping based on verbal and nonverbal IQ. A) Subtyping results shown at k = 2 and 4, the solutions resulting in the highest Silhouette index. B) A k = 4 solution provided subtypes reflecting cognitive imbalances, particularly when comparing ASD2 vs. ASD4. Cortical thickness and functional connectivity features were profiled across all 4 subtypes, by comparing these measures to neurotypical controls (effect sizes are presented as Cohen’s D). For the functional connectivity analysis, connections showing a significant between-group difference were counted within- and between-network separately and plotted left to the connectome for within-community comparisons and above the corresponding connectome for between-community analyses, for each subtype. The peak modulation among the functional network is marked by ^*. The language peak was observed in 3 out of the 4 identified subtypes. The bottom panels show targeted comparisons between ASD2 (high nonverbal compared with verbal IQ) and ASD4 (high verbal compared with nonverbal IQ).