TABLE II.

Select studies on multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms involving the gut.

Authors	Type of the chip	Example case study
Choe et al.142	Gut-liver	First pass metabolism of apigenin
Lee et al.143	Gut-liver	Gut absorption and liver metabolism of fatty acids
De Gregorio et al.144	Intestine-liver	First pass metabolism of ethanol and the resulting hepatic damage
Chen et al.145	Intestine-liver	Urea and albumin metabolism and CYP enzyme activity
Chen et al.146	Gut-liver	Inflammatory inter-tissue crosstalk
Maschmeyer et al.147	Liver-intestine	Repeated dose administration of troglitazone
Prot et al.148	Intestine-liver	First pass metabolism of paracetamol
Kim et al.149	Gut-brain axis	Exosomes transport across the gut barrier toward the blood-brain barrier
Lee et al.150	Gut-kidney	Antibiotic treatment effect on hemolytic uremic syndrome in Shiga-producing E. coli infection
Lee et al.151	Gut-skin	The effect of gut-absorbed fatty acids on the skin upon gut inflammation
Kimura et al.152	Lung-intestine-liver	The pharmacokinetics studies of three anticancer drugs-epirubicine (EPI), irinotecan (CPT-11), cyclophosphamide (CPA)
Ramme et al.153	Intestine-liver-brain-kidney	Generation of four organs from induced pluripotent stem cells
Vernetti et al.154	Intestine-liver-kidney-blood brain barrier-skeletal muscle	Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of terfenadine, trimethylamine (TMA), and vitamin D3
Imura et al.155	Intestine-liver-cancerous breast	Absorption, metabolism, and bioactivity of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 17-β estradiol, and soy isoflavone