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. 2023 Feb 22;8(4):e166655. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.166655

Figure 5. Butyrate treatment does not induce weight loss, ameliorate metabolic health, or promote Lachnospiraceae bacterium 28-4 in DIO mice.

Figure 5

(A) Mice were rendered DIO by being fed an HFD for 10 weeks and subsequently fed an HFD without or with 5% (w/w) butyrate for another 6 weeks. (B) BW was measured weekly (n = 7–9) and (C) body composition was measured at the end of the treatment period by MRI (n = 7–9). (D) The average food intake per day was calculated (n = 7–9). (E) Fasting plasma glucose (n = 7–9) and (F) insulin (n = 6) were measured and (G) used to calculate HOMA-IR (n = 6). Cecum bacterial DNA was collected for 16S rRNA-Seq and (H) the observed richness of taxonomy (n = 7–9) and (I) Shannon diversity (n = 7–9) of gut microbiota were calculated. (J) The composition of abundant bacteria on phylum (n = 7–9) and (K) PCoA plot of unweighted UniFrac distances on OTU level (n = 7–9) were calculated. (L) The abundance of Lachnospiraceae bacterium 28-4 was quantified by real-time PCR (n = 8–9). Data are shown as means ± SEM for B–G and L or box plot with whiskers at min/max for H and I. Statistical significance between 2 groups was determined with 2-tailed Student’s unpaired t test. For data represented in the line graphs showing the changes over time for a continuous variable, statistical significance between 2 groups at each time point was determined using 2-tailed Student’s unpaired t test.