Table1.
Baseline characteristics of study population
| variable | All | CKDs 1–2 | CKDs 3–5 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age, year | 66.5 (11.2) | 65.6 (10.9) | 71.5 (11.6) | 0.001 |
| Male | 316 / 446 (70.9%) | 277 / 378 (73.3%) | 39 / 68 (57.4%) | 0.01 |
| Caucasian | 411 / 446 (92.2%) | 353 / 378 (93.4%) | 58 / 68 (85.3%) | 0.05 |
| Morbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 319 / 446 (71.5%) | 259 / 378 (68.5%) | 60 / 68 (88.2%) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 113 / 446 (25.3%) | 83 / 378 (22%) | 30 / 68 (44.1%) | 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 292 / 445 (65.6%) | 253 / 378 (66.9%) | 39 / 67 (58.2%) | 0.17 |
| Heart failure | 79 / 446 (17.7%) | 56 / 378 (14.8%) | 23 / 68 (33.8%) | 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 217 / 446 (48.7%) | 173 / 378 (45.8%) | 44 / 68 (64.7%) | 0.005 |
| Smoker | 58 / 441 (13.2%) | 52 / 373 (13.9%) | 6 / 68 (8.8%) | 0.33 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 83 / 446 (18.6%) | 71 / 378 (18.8%) | 12 / 68 (17.6%) | 1 |
| CVA/TIA | 43 / 446 (9.6%) | 36 / 378 (9.5%) | 7 / 68 (10.3%) | 0.82 |
| Prior angioplasty | 40 / 446 (9%) | 33 / 378 (8.7%) | 7 / 68 (10.3%) | 0.65 |
| Prior stent | 120 / 446 (26.9%) | 101 / 378 (26.7%) | 19 / 68 (27.9%) | 0.88 |
| Prior CABG | 84 / 446 (18.8%) | 68 / 378 (18%) | 16 / 68 (23.5%) | 0.31 |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Sodium, mg/dl | 138.932 (3.232) | 139.012 (3.117) | 138.508 (3.78) | 0.33 |
| BUN, mg/dl | 18 (15, 24) | 17 (14, 21) | 34 (26, 42.75) | 0.001 |
| Blood glucose, mg/dl | 102 (91, 118) | 101 (92, 116) | 107 (90, 128) | 0.18 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.04 (0.87, 1.28) | 1 (0.84, 1.17) | 1.78 (1.4, 3.78) | 0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 97.2 (73.9, 110.4) | 102.2 (84.8, 111.8) | 38.6 (18.3, 46.9) | 0.001 |
| NT proBNP, pg/mL | 1550 (574, 4423) | 1280 (509, 3030) | 7890 (3290, 15975) | 0.001 |
| KIM-1, ng/mL | 0.04 (0.02, 0.07) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.06) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.18) | 0.001 |
| Osteopontin, ng/mL | 28 (20, 42.75) | 26 (19, 37) | 65.5 (37.75, 108) | 0.001 |
| TIMP-1, ng/mL | 72 (58, 92.75) | 68 (57, 85) | 109.5 (86.5, 127) | 0.001 |
CVA: cerebrovascular accident, TIA: transient ischemic attack, CABG: coronary artery bypass graft, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, NTproBNP: N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptides, KIM-1: kidney injury molecule-1, TIMP-1: tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1