Table 2.
The first MH sign.
| Survivor (n = 113) | Deceased (n = 15) | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature abnormality | 19 | 3 | 22 (19.5%) |
| Elevation of ETCO2 | 57 | 6 | 63 (55.8%) |
| Sinus tachycardia | 9 | 4 | 13 (11.5%) |
| MMR | 10 | 1 | 11 (9.7%) |
| GMR | 3 | 0 | 3 (2.7%) |
| Elevation of PaCO2 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.9%) |
| Missing data | 14 | 1 | 15 (11.7%) |
Temperature abnormality was also defined as a maximum temperature > 38.8°C or rate of increase in temperature ≥ 0.5°C/15 min based on clinical grading scale and Morio's criteria [9, 10]. MH: malignant hyperthermia; ETCO2: end-tidal carbon dioxide; MMR: masseter muscle rigidity; GMR: generalized muscular rigidity; PaCO2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide.