Table 2.
Mediation Model Estimates Including Direct, Indirect, and Total Effects.
| Model | Path | Estimate | 95 % Bootstrapped Confidence Intervals |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Race and ethnicity | Direct effects on aVCI | ||
| Reference category: all non-Black, non-Asian, non-Hispanic participants (White and Other or Mixed Race) | Black Race ==> aVCI | −0.6* | −0.8, −0.3 |
| Hispanic Ethnicity ==> aVCI | −0.3* | −0.6, −0.1 | |
| Asian Race ==> aVCI | −0.03 | −0.5, 0.4 | |
| Covariate ==> Health Literacy | |||
| Black Race ==> Health literacy | −7.6* | −9.5, −5.4 | |
| Hispanic Ethnicity ==> Health literacy | −7.4* | −10.0, −5.0 | |
| Asian Race ==> Health literacy | 3.1* | 0.2, 5.0 | |
| VCI regressed on Health Literacy | |||
| Health literacy ==> aVCI | 0.03* | 0.01, 0.04 | |
| Indirect effects on aVCI | |||
| Black Race ==> Health literacy ==> aVCI | −0.2* | −0.3, −0.1 | |
| Hispanic ==> Health literacy ==>aVCI | −0.2* | −0.4, −0.1 | |
| Asian Race ==> Health literacy ==> aVCI | 0.08* | 0.02, 0.2 | |
| Total effects on aVCI | |||
| Black Race - Total effect on aVCI | −0.8* | −1.0, −0.5 | |
| Hispanic Ethnicity - Total effect on aVCI | −0.5* | −0.8, −0.3 | |
| Asian Race - Total effect on aVCI | 0.05 | −0.4, 0.5 | |
| 2. Education Level | Direct effects on aVCI | ||
| Reference: College education or greater | 12th grade or less ==> aVCI | −0.5 * | −0.8, −0.2 |
| Some college ==> aVCI | −0.6 * | −0.9, −0.2 | |
| Covariate ==> Mediator (Health Literacy) | |||
| 12th grade or less ==> Health literacy | −10.9* | −12.8, −8.9 | |
| Some college ==> Health literacy | −6.3 * | −8.7, −3.9 | |
| aVCI regressed on Mediator (Health Literacy) | |||
| Health literacy ==>aVCI | 0.03* | 0.01, 0.04 | |
| Indirect effects on aVCI | |||
| 12th grade or less ==> Health literacy ==> aVCI | −0.3* | −0.5, −0.1 | |
| Some college ==> Health literacy ==>aVCI | −0.2* | −0.3, −0.1 | |
| Total effects on aVCI | |||
| 12th grade or less - Total effect on aVCI | −0.7* | −0.9, −0.5 | |
| Some college-Total effect on aVCI | −0.7* | −1.1, −0.4 | |
| 3. Gender | Direct effects on aVCI | ||
| Female = 1; Male = 0 | Female gender ==> aVCI | −0.01 | −0.2, 0.2 |
| Covariate ==> Health Literacy | |||
| Female gender ==> Health literacy | 0.3 | −1.7, 2.3 | |
| aVCI regressed on Health Literacy | |||
| Health literacy ==> aVCI | 0.04* | 0.03, 0.05 | |
| Indirect effects on aVCI | |||
| Female gender ==> Health literacy ==> aVCI | 0.01 | −0.07, 0.09 | |
| Total effects on aVCI | |||
| Female gender-Total effect on aVCI | 0 | −0.2, 0.2 | |
| 4. Age continuous in years | Direct effects on aVCI | ||
| Age ==> aVCI | 0 | −0.0, 0.01 | |
| Covariate ==> Health Literacy | |||
| Age ==> Health literacy | −0.2* | −0.3, −0.1 | |
| aVCI regressed on Health Literacy | |||
| Health literacy ==> aVCI | 0.04* | 0.03, 0.06 | |
| Indirect effects on aVCI | |||
| Age ==> Health literacy ==> aVCI | −0.01* | −0.01, −0.01 | |
| Total effects on aVCI | |||
| Age-Total effect on aVCI | −0.01 | −0.01, 0.00 |
Note. aVCI = Adapted Vaccine Confidence Index; Estimates are unstandardized and starred (*) if the 95 % confidence interval does not contain zero; Health Literacy is the mediator.