a Flow cytometric plots of B10 CAR-T cells administered to mice. This analysis was performed the day before administration. CD8-positive cells and CD4-positive cells are coloured blue and green, respectively. The reactivity of HLA-A*24:02/HIV peptide control tetramer against B10 CAR is also shown. b, d, f Tumour volume over time. Arrows indicate the date of administration of B10 CAR-T or mock T cells. c, e, g Weights of the removed tumours at the endpoint. b, c Adoptive transfer therapy of B10 CAR-T cells in mice xenografted with CAKI-1 cells (CAKI-1 model). d, e Model in which effector cells were administered on day 12 to mice implanted with KIKU cells (KIKU late-stage model). f, g Mice subcutaneously injected with KIKU received effector cells on day 5 (KIKU early-stage model). NT group of the KIKU late-stage model, n = 10; the other group, n = 5. NT no treatment. Mock: treated by T cells transduced with a plasmid containing only ΔNGFR.