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. 2023 Feb 16;68:1605358. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605358

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Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Zhang, Ye, Yang, Liu, Wu, Zhou, He and Qin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Joint effect of weekly usage time of mobile phones making or receiving calls and genetic risks of kidney diseases with new-onset chronic kidney disease among mobile phones users (UK, 2006–2010). *Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicities, Townsend deprivation index, income, education, smoking status, alcohol status, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, HbA1c, eGFR, antihypertensive medications use, cholesterol lowering medications use, hypoglycemic medications use, length of mobile phone use, and hands-free device/speakerphone use.