TABLE 3.
Characteristics of different treatment patterns.
| References | Study timing | Treatment patterns | Number of filters | Filter usage per capita | Filter lifespan | Study subjects | Exclusion criteria |
| Yu et al. (26) | from January 2014 to August 2015 | CRRT | 275 | 275/145 | 47.50 (37.75-58.58) | LF | CRRT for less than 24 h; any cases with missing data |
| Slowinski et al. (13) | from January 2008 to February 2010 | CRRT | 181 | 181/133 | NR | LF | Former use of RCA within 72 h before the study start; participation in other trials |
| Lahmer et al. (12) | NR | RRT | 43 | 43/24 | NR | Decompensated liver cirrhosis or acute liver failure | pH > 7.55 or pH < 7.1; serum ionized calcium < 0.9 mmol/L |
| De Vico et al. (27) | NR | CRRT | NR | NR | 49.76 ± 22.10 | LF | NR |
| Schultheiß et al. (11) | From October 2009 and October 2011 | CRRT | 43 | 43/28 | NR | Acute LF | pH > 7.55 or < 7.1; Caion < 0.9 mmol/l |
| Pourcine et al. (28) | From January 2014 to June 2015 | RRT | 67 | 67/41 | NR | Acute or chronic liver dysfunction | Patients with end stage Renal disease |
| Rhee et al. (29) | From January 1 to December 31, 2017 | CRRT | 104 | 104/32 | 26.0 (14.0-51.0) | Liver disease | CRRT for less than 24 h; CRRT with missing data |
| Yu et al. (30) | From January 2013 to October 2016 | CRRT | 79 | 79/41 | NR | LF | Age < 18 years; patients underwent LMWH anticoagulation; patients underwent heparin anticoagulation; patients with severe hyperlacticaemia |
| Klingele et al. (41) | From January 2009 to November 2012 | CRRT | 1339 | 1339/69 | 62.2 ± 11.2 | Severe liver dysfunction | ICG-PDR not performed |
| Sponholz et al. (31) | From January 2007 to December 2011 | RRT | 127 | 127/89 | 29 (11.0-68.0) | Severe liver dysfunction | NR |
| Saner et al. (32) | From November 2004 to August 2007 | CRRT | NR | NR | 22.7 ± 14.6 | LF | Age < 18 years; incomplete patient records |
| Durão et al. (33) | From February 2004 to July 2006 | RRT | 418 | 418/143 | 72 ± 22.2 | LF | NR |
| Ma et al. (34) | From March 2017 to June 2017 | PE | 203 | 203/54 | NR | HBV-ACLF | Drug-induced liver injury, immune-related liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and hyperthyroidism, and patients who were pregnant were also excluded |
| Berber et al. (35) | From 2010 to 2021 | PE | 243 | 243/59 | NR | Acute toxic hepatitis hospitalized | Incomplete patient records |
| Maheshwari et al. (36) | From January 2012 to September 2015 | PE | NR | NR | NR | Patients underwent therapeutic plasma exchange | Patients who developed sepsis or multiorgan dysfunction prior to the PE and patients with the category IV indication, were excluded from the study |
| Meijers et al. (37) | From August 2008 and June 2009 | MARS | 27 | 27/10 | NR | Acute-on-chronic liver failure | Sever hypocalcemia (Ca2+ < 0.9 mmol/L); acidosis (pH < 7.25) due to any cause |
| Falkensteiner et al. (38) | From 2012 to 2017 | MARS | 75 | 75/49 | 8 (6.8-8.0) | LF | Age < 18 years |
| Faybik et al. (39) | From January 2007 to May 2009 | MARS | 77 | 77/20 | 20 (18-22) | LF | Age < 18 years |
| Yonekawa et al. (40) | NR | CRRT + PE | 39 | 39/9 | NR | LF | NR |
LF, liver failure; RRT, renal replacement therapy; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; MARS, molecular adsorbent recirculation system; PE, plasma exchange; NR, not reported; RCA, regional citrate anticoagulation; Caion, ionized calcium; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; ICG-PDR, indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate; ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; HBV-ACLF, hepatitis B virus (HBV) related ACLF.