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. 2023 Mar 1;13:3432. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30118-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relationship between financial constraint and key variables of interest. Top left: relationship between financial constraint and beliefs about one’s risk of contracting COVID-19. Top right: relationship between financial constraint and negative affect, measured using the short-form of the PANAS. Bottom left: relationship between financial constraint and beliefs about the national spread of COVID-19. Bottom right: relationship between financial constraint and social distancing behavior, where smaller values on the social distancing variable indicted increased social distancing behavior. Error bars show the 95% confidence interval.