Table 1:
Descriptive of the study cohort for the primary analysis
| Control (N=19177) | Case (N=4069) | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Age (years) | ||
| N | 19177 | 4069 |
| Mean (SD) | 54.3 (18.2) | 54.1 (18.1) |
| Median | 54.0 | 54.0 |
| Q1, Q3 | 39.0, 70.0 | 39.0, 70.0 |
| Range | (18.0–90.0) | (18.0–90.0) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 7495 (39.1%) | 1596 (39.2%) |
| Female | 11677 (60.9%) | 2472 (60.8%) |
| Unknown | 5 (0.0%) | 1 (0.0%) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White | 11979 (62.5%) | 2536 (62.3%) |
| Black | 2096 (10.9%) | 441 (10.8%) |
| Hispanic | 2773 (14.5%) | 591 (14.5%) |
| Asian | 653 (3.4%) | 138 (3.4%) |
| Unknown | 1676 (8.7%) | 363 (8.9%) |
| Education level | ||
| Less than or equal to HS Diploma | 4387 (22.9%) | 1073 (26.4%) |
| Less than Bachelor Degree | 9558 (49.8%) | 1873 (46.0%) |
| Bachelor Degree Plus | 4009 (20.9%) | 874 (21.5%) |
| Unknown | 1223 (6.4%) | 249 (6.1%) |
| Household income | ||
| <$40K | 3016 (15.7%) | 679 (16.7%) |
| $40K – $49K | 1005 (5.2%) | 217 (5.3%) |
| $50K – $59K | 1140 (5.9%) | 212 (5.2%) |
| $60K – $74K | 1632 (8.5%) | 334 (8.2%) |
| $75K – $99K | 2309 (12.0%) | 480 (11.8%) |
| $100K+ | 5469 (28.5%) | 1072 (26.3%) |
| Unknown | 4606 (24.0%) | 1075 (26.4%) |
| Geographic location | ||
| Upper Midwest | 5189 (27.1%) | 752 (18.5%) |
| Southern Midwest | 3254 (17.0%) | 639 (15.7%) |
| Northeast | 2373 (12.4%) | 668 (16.4%) |
| Mountain | 1512 (7.9%) | 262 (6.4%) |
| Pacific | 1983 (10.3%) | 407 (10.0%) |
| South Atlantic | 4835 (25.2%) | 1328 (32.6%) |
| Unknown | 31 (0.2%) | 13 (0.3%) |
| History of hypertension | ||
| No | 9756 (50.9%) | 2027 (49.8%) |
| Yes | 9421 (49.1%) | 2042 (50.2%) |
| History of hypercholesterolemia | ||
| No | 8538 (44.5%) | 1772 (43.5%) |
| Yes | 10639 (55.5%) | 2297 (56.5%) |
| Ischemic heart disease | ||
| No | 16117 (84.0%) | 3292 (80.9%) |
| Yes | 3060 (16.0%) | 777 (19.1%) |
| Heart failure | ||
| No | 17902 (93.4%) | 3753 (92.2%) |
| Yes | 1275 (6.6%) | 316 (7.8%) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | ||
| No | 14669 (76.5%) | 3089 (75.9%) |
| Yes | 4508 (23.5%) | 980 (24.1%) |
| Alcohol Abuse | ||
| No | 18687 (97.4%) | 3944 (96.9%) |
| Yes | 490 (2.6%) | 125 (3.1%) |
| Smoking | ||
| No | 15596 (81.3%) | 3236 (79.5%) |
| Yes | 3581 (18.7%) | 833 (20.5%) |
| Pregnancy in the 2 years prior to index date | ||
| No | 18366 (95.8%) | 3678 (90.4%) |
| Yes | 811 (4.2%) | 391 (9.6%) |
| NSAID use in the 2 years prior to the index date | ||
| No | 15762 (82.2%) | 3238 (79.6%) |
| Yes | 3415 (17.8%) | 831 (20.4%) |
| Oral steroid use in the 2 years prior to the index date | ||
| No | 15715 (81.9%) | 3114 (76.5%) |
| Yes | 3462 (18.1%) | 955 (23.5%) |
| A prescription for PPI or H2 blocker | ||
| No | 15504 (80.8%) | 3080 (75.7%) |
| Yes | 3673 (19.2%) | 989 (24.3%) |
| A prescription for PPI or H2 blocker OR hx of a disease that would be likely to lead to use of a PPI/H2 blocker | ||
| No | 12493 (65.1%) | 2433 (59.8%) |
| Yes | 6684 (34.9%) | 1636 (40.2%) |
H2, histamine; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI, proton pump in inhibitor