Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable analysis of factors associated with diagnostic conversion to primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).
| Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (CI) | P-value | HR (CI) | P-value | |
| Age | ||||
| <40 | 1.65 (0.91–2.99) | 0.098 | 1.38 (0.64–3.01) | 0.412 |
| 40–49 | REF | REF | ||
| 50–59 | 0.87 (0.62–1.24) | 0.456 | 0.94 (0.63–1.40) | 0.754 |
| 60–69 | 1.01 (0.73–1.41) | 0.938 | 1.20 (0.82–1.76) | 0.342 |
| 70–79 | 1.04 (0.75–1.43) | 0.811 | 1.59 (1.09–2.32) | 0.016 |
| 80+ | 1.11 (0.72–1.70) | 0.643 | 1.82 (1.10–3.01) | 0.020 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | REF | REF | ||
| Male | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) | 0.198 | 1.04 (0.84–1.29) | 0.694 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | REF | REF | ||
| Asian | 1.30 (0.89–1.89) | 0.176 | 1.27 (0.82–1.97) | 0.278 |
| Black | 1.22 (0.89–1.67) | 0.223 | 1.00 (0.70–1.43) | 0.994 |
| Hispanic | 1.18 (0.89–1.55) | 0.251 | 1.00 (0.73–1.37) | 0.982 |
| Education | ||||
| H.S. degree or less | REF | - | ||
| Some college | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) | 0.422 | - | |
| College graduate | 0.82 (0.62–1.09) | 0.168 | ||
| Income | ||||
| <$40K | REF | REF | ||
| $40K-49K | 1.03 (0.67–1.57) | 0.901 | 1.15 (0.75–1.77) | 0.523 |
| $50K-59K | 1.06 (0.73–1.54) | 0.754 | 1.10 (0.75–1.61) | 0.614 |
| $60K-74K | 0.94 (0.66–1.36) | 0.754 | 1.02 (0.70–1.48) | 0.908 |
| $75K-99K | 0.87 (0.63–1.20) | 0.381 | 0.90 (0.64–1.26) | 0.535 |
| $100K+ | 0.77 (0.58–1.02) | 0.07 | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) | 0.170 |
| Insurance | ||||
| HMO | REF | - | ||
| EPO | 1.36 (0.89–2.07) | 0.158 | - | |
| Other | 1.15 (0.93–1.43) | 0.188 | - | |
| PPO | 0.83 (0.57–1.21) | 0.329 | - | |
| Location | ||||
| Northeast | REF | REF | ||
| South | 1.14 (0.89–1.46) | 0.303 | 0.94 (0.71–1.23) | 0.641 |
| Midwest | 1.03 (0.78–1.37) | 0.839 | 0.85 (0.62–1.17) | 0.312 |
| Mountain | 1.70 (1.10–2.63) | 0.017 | 1.31 (0.81–2.12) | 0.268 |
| Pacific | 1.06 (0.76–1.49) | 0.723 | 0.67 (0.45–1.00) | 0.048 |
| LPI | ||||
| None | REF | REF | ||
| Early | 2.31 (1.88–2.85) | <0.001 | 2.49 (1.97–3.16) | 0.001 |
| Late | 1.36 (1.03–1.80) | 0.032 | 1.28 (0.93–1.75) | 0.126 |
| Cataract Surgery | ||||
| None | REF | REF | ||
| Early | 0.69 (0.43–1.10) | 0.118 | 0.46 (0.27–0.78) | 0.004 |
| Late | 0.12 (0.07–0.20) | <0.001 | 0.10 (0.06–0.17) | 0.001 |
| IOP-lowering Drops | ||||
| None | REF | REF | ||
| Early | 1.79 (1.44–2.24) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.28–2.09) | 0.001 |
| Late | 0.49 (0.31–0.76) | 0.001 | 0.43 (0.26–0.71) | 0.001 |
Statistically significant p-values and odds ratios are bolded; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; HMO = health maintenance organization; EPO = exclusive provider organization; PPO = preferred provider organization.