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. 2023 Feb 16;14:1093302. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093302

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Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Wang, Zhong, Wang, Sucher, Lin, Brandacher, Solari, Gorantla and Zheng

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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VCA models and immunosuppressive regimes. (A) Hind-limb, VSMB, VSM, and BMC (50 x 10⁶) transplantation from either BN or gfp-SD donor rats to LEW rat recipients. (B) Recipient rats were sequentially treated i.p. with ALS, cyclosporine A, and rapamycin for 21 days. (C) VSMB or VSM transplantation from BALB/c nude mice to B6 SCID mice. (D) Hindlimb transplantation from B10.A mice to B6 mice. Thymus transplantation and T cell adoptive transfer were performed from tolerant recipients to B6 nude mice. (E) VCA recipient mice were treated i.p. with anti-CD40L mAb, CTLA4/Fc, and rapamycin for 28 days.