Table 1.
HLHS characteristics and outcomes by FR-VTI subgroups
| Covariate | Overall | Forward/Reverse VTI < 5 | Forward/Reverse VTI > 5 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 133) | (N = 36) | (N = 97) | ||
| GA at Delivery (weeks) | 38.0 (2.4) | 37.9 (2.8) | 38.0 (2.3) | 0.944 |
| Birthweight (kg) | 3.1 (0.6) | 3.1 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.6) | 0.539 |
| Diagnosis | 0.551 | |||
| MA/AA | 49 (36.8%) | 14 (38.9%) | 35 (36.1%) | |
| MA/AS | 3 (2.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.1%) | |
| MS/AA | 48 (36.1%) | 14 (38.9%) | 34 (35.1%) | |
| MS/AS | 33 (24.8%) | 8 (22.2%) | 25 (25.8%) | |
| PVFR-VTI | ||||
| GA at Last FR-VTI | 34.2 (5.0) | 33.9 (5.3) | 34.2 (4.9) | 0.763 |
| Last FR-VTI | 11.6 (10.1) | 4.1 (2.4) | 14.6 (10.5) | < 0.001 |
| GA at Lowest FR-VTI | 29.3 (6.3) | 31.0 (5.9) | 28.7 (6.3) | 0.046 |
| Lowest FR-VTI | 8.7 (7.4) | 3.3 (1.3) | 10.8 (7.8) | < 0.001 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Fetal Demise | 17 (14.7%) | 7 (19.4%) | 12 (12.4%) | 0.402 |
| VIP | 11 (8.3%) | 3 (8.3%) | 8 (8.3%) | 1.0 |
| IUFD | 6 (4.5%) | 3 (8.3%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0.344 |
| Septostomy < 24 Hours | 13 (9.8%) | 10 (27.8%) | 3 (3.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Norwood | 98 (73.7%) | 27 (75%) | 71 (73.2%) | |
| Hybrid | 3 (2.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.6%) | |
| Transplant | 3 (2.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.6%) | |
| Death prior to first operative procedure | 8 (6%) | 2 (5.6%) | 7 (7.2%) |
IUFD intrauterine fetal demise, VIP voluntary interruption of pregnancy, PVFR-VTI pulmonary vein forward/reverse velocity time integral