TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by serum cotinine cutoff of ≥10 ng/mL.
| Cotinine (ng/mL) | |||
| Variables | Higha (n = 32) | lowb (n = 78) | P |
| Age (years) | 50.66 ± 7.38 | 53.96 ± 9.74 | 0.09 |
| Gender (F) (%) | 46.88 | 62.82 | 0.12 |
| Marital status (Yes) (%) | 68.75 | 78.21 | 0.3 |
| Education (Yes) (%) | 90.63 | 69.23 | 0.02 * |
| Parity | 1.75 ± 2 | 2.71 ± 2.47 | 0.05 |
| Islamic diet (Yes) (%) | 93.75 | 87.18 | 0.32 |
| BMI (>30 kg/m2) (%) | 59.38 | 67.95 | 0.39 |
| WC (cm) | 103.63 ± 9.36 | 105.60 ± 10.93 | 0.37 |
| HbAlc (mmol/L) | 51.75 ± 14.35 | 51.73 ± 14.94 | 0.99 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 139.5 ± 23.96 | 142.58 ± 20.23 | 0.49 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.53 ± 9.27 | 82.92 ± 10.28 | 0.85 |
| CHOL (mmol/L) | 4.99 ± 1.24 | 4.75 ± 1.12 | 0.32 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) [Log] | 0.08 ± 0.27 | 0.2 ± 0.27 | 0.04 * |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.00 ± 1.08 | 2.73 ± 0.94 | 0.08 |
| TG (mmol/L) [log] | 0.57 ± 0.45 | 0.49 ± 0.51 | 0.48 |
| CRI-I [log] | 1.49 ± 0.34 | 1.33 ± 0.32 | 0.02 * |
| AC [log] | 1.22 ± 0.45 | 1 ± 0.47 | 0.02 * |
| Statins (yes) (%) | 53.13 | 50 | 0.77 |
Data are means ± SD unless otherwise indicated.
*P is considered significant at <0.05. Bolded values mean statistically significant results.
aHigh cotinine is defined as ≥10 ng/mL. Level for cotinine (≥10 ng/mL) were considered reliable indicators for cigarette smoke.
bLow cotinine is defined as <10 ng/mL. Level for cotinine (<10 ng/mL) were considered reliable indicators for nonsmokers.
AC, atherogenic coefficient; BMI, body mass index; CHOL, total cholesterol; CRI-I, Castelli risk index-I; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbAlc, glycated haemoglobin; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, Triglycerides; WC, waist circumference.