Table 4.
Demographic characteristics relationships with ABR awareness scores for AHCPsd
| Variable | Description | Thailand (n = 41) | Peru (n = 119) | Vietnam (n = 156) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Score mean | SE | CI 95% | P value | N (%) | Score mean | SE | CI 95% | P value | N (%) | Score mean | SE | CI 95% | P value | |||||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | ||||||||||||||
| Profession | Veterinarian | 41 (100) | 66.4 | 1.9 | 62.6 | 70.2 | NC | 119 (100) | 61.2 | 1.0 | 59.3 | 63.1 | NC | 69 (44.2) | 60.2 | 1.4 | 57.5 | 63.0 | 0.077 |
| Veterinary drug seller | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18 (11.5) | 54.3 | 1.6 | 51.0 | 57.6 | ||||
| Veterinarian and drug seller | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 64 (41.0) | 57.5 | 1.3 | 54.9 | 60.1 | ||||
| Gender | Male | 18 (43.9) | 66.8 | 2.3 | 61.8 | 71.7 | 0.53 | 65 (54.6) | 60.7 | 1.1 | 58.5 | 62.9 | 0.534 | 115 (73.7) | 58.7 | 1.0 | 56.6 | 60.7 | 0.409 |
| Female | 2 (48.8) | 67.0 | 3.1 | 60.6 | 73.5 | 53 (44.5) | 61.9 | 1.6 | 58.6 | 65.1 | 41 (26.3) | 57.1 | 1.4 | 54.2 | 60.0 | ||||
| Age | 18 to 25 | 3 (7.3) | 70.5 | 6.7 | 41.7 | 99.3 | 0.42 | 1 (0.8) | 76.4 | . | . | . | 0.126 | 4 (2.6) | 53.8 | 2.8 | 44.9 | 62.7 | 0.265 |
| 26 to 35 | 16 (39.0) | 67.3 | 3.1 | 60.7 | 73.8 | 43 (36.1) | 62.8 | 1.4 | 59.9 | 65.6 | 27 (17.3) | 60.2 | 2.4 | 55.3 | 65.1 | ||||
| 36 to 45 | 14 (34.1) | 67.4 | 3.4 | 60.1 | 74.7 | 37 (31.1) | 61.8 | 2.1 | 57.6 | 65.9 | 54 (34.6) | 58.0 | 1.4 | 55.2 | 60.8 | ||||
| 46 to 55 | 7 (17.1) | 58.2 | 3.3 | 50.3 | 66.2 | 21 (17.6) | 60.1 | 1.7 | 56.6 | 63.7 | 47 (30.1) | 57.3 | 1.5 | 54.2 | 60.4 | ||||
| > 55 | 1 (2.4) | 71.4 | — | — | — | 16 (13.4) | 56.3 | 2.3 | 51.3 | 61.2 | 14 (9.0) | 63.5 | 2.8 | 57.4 | 69.6 | ||||
| Training level | Non-University | ND | — | — | — | — | NC | 0.619 | 66 (42.3) | 56.3 | 1.2 | 53.9 | 58.6 | 0.071 | |||||
| University | ND | — | — | — | — | 48 (40.3) | 60.9 | 1.3 | 58.3 | 63.5 | 79 (50.6) | 59.3 | 1.3 | 56.8 | 61.8 | ||||
| Specialist | ND | — | — | — | — | 28 (23.5) | 60.5 | 2.0 | 56.3 | 64.6 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| Postgraduate (MSc, PhD) | ND | — | — | — | — | 40 (33.6) | 62.7 | 1.8 | 59.0 | 66.4 | 8 (5.1) | 63.9 | 3.7 | 55.2 | 72.7 | ||||
| Year prescribing/dispensinge | 0 a 5 | 14 (34.1) | 66.2 | 3.3 | 59.1 | 73.4 | 0.938 | 41 (34.5) | 61.9 | 1.5 | 58.9 | 65.0 | 0.801 | 10 (6.4) | 55.5 | 3.5 | 47.6 | 63.4 | 0.405 |
| 6 a 10 | 8 (19.5) | 67.5 | 3.9 | 58.3 | 76.6 | 33 (27.7) | 62.3 | 2.2 | 57.7 | 66.8 | 20 (12.8) | 58.3 | 1.8 | 54.4 | 62.1 | ||||
| 11 a 20 | 14 (34.1) | 66.1 | 3.6 | 58.4 | 73.9 | 24 (20.2) | 60.4 | 1.5 | 57.2 | 63.6 | 27 (17.3) | 60.0 | 2.1 | 55.6 | 64.3 | ||||
| 21 a 30 | 4 (9.8) | 61.7 | 5.1 | 45.4 | 78.0 | 7 (5.9) | 56.3 | 3.7 | 47.2 | 65.3 | 24 (15.4) | 55.8 | 1.6 | 52.5 | 59.1 | ||||
| 31 a 40 | 1 (2.4) | 71.4 | — | — | — | 3 (2.5) | 62.7 | 9.7 | 20.7 | 104.6 | 2 (1.3) | 51.4 | 4.7 | −7.9 | 110.7 | ||||
| 40+ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| Type of Practice | Public practice | 12 (29.3) | 72.1 | 3.9 | 63.6 | 80.6 | 0.07 | 20 (16.8) | 64.7 | 2.6 | 59.3 | 70.0 | 0.233 | 29 (18.6) | 64.12a | 2.4 | 59.3 | 69.0 | 0.002c |
| Private practice | 21 (51.2) | 62.4 | 2.2 | 57.7 | 67.0 | 63 (52.9) | 60.1 | 1.2 | 57.8 | 62.5 | 89 (57.1) | 56.27b | 1.0 | 54.3 | 58.2 | ||||
| Public and Private practice | 8 (19.5) | 67.0 | 3.9 | 57.9 | 76.1 | 35 (29.4) | 61.2 | 1.9 | 57.4 | 65.1 | 36 (23.1) | 58.5 | 1.7 | 55.0 | 62.0 | ||||
SE: Standard error, CI: Confidence interval, NR: Not relevant, NC: Not calculated.
Different letters in different rows indicate statistical differences between groups.
Statistical differences (P < 0.05). All P values were calculated with ANOVA with Tukey post hoc comparison test. All significant values are two-tailed.
Includes only participants without missing values in the 23-item scale who replied to the question; therefore, differences in the number of participants across calculations may vary accordingly.
11 and 73 participants from Peru and Vietnam, respectively, did not indicate the number of years prescribing/dispensing.
Note that while the countries are positioned side by side, it is important to note that scores should be interpreted within-country rather than compared across countries, for example, as baseline data within a given country.