Table 3.

Adjusting for cultural adaptation.

Categorical	Item change
The graphics and illustrations	• Some cartoons and colors that depict emotional situations needed further adjustments to the Indonesian culture. For example, a cartoon balloon may be best drawn with a human image. • The program is better to be reproduced with more illustrations. • There is an illustrated story about PwD, who has memory loss. It would be more interesting if there were illustrations about it. Events need to be adapted to culture, for example, on page 13 of the Indonesian-translated version of the book where PwD has difficulty in shopping. • Some cartoons and colors that depict emotional situations needed further adjustments to the Indonesian culture. For example, a cartoon balloon may be best drawn with a human image.
Terms and expressions	• Some unfamiliar words, such as continence, toileting, and delusion, then these words were changed to the following terms: continence (gangguan kontrol buang air), toileting (kemandirian bertoilet), delusion (khayalan). • The translation language is good, but it is better to translate it using everyday practical language. • Some examples of behavior changes, such as hallucinations, were not considered as deep enough and thought to be inappropriate to what truly is experienced by the respondents. This program was thought to be too superficial and needed to be strengthened on the aspects of behavior changes. • The symptoms of dementia are part of a broader spectrum. Hence, at the beginning of the program, it is necessary to self-check in which stage PwD is the caregivers are dealing with and what is essential to pay more attention to. • Some medical terms that already had been adapted to standard Indonesian, namely incontinence, were still considered too medical. However, it is known to be a settled terminology in Bahasa Indonesia, which later had to be re-adapted and explained with a written explanation of not being able to hold urination or bedwetting, thus it is essential to add a glossary for complex languages.
Content	• Material regarding ADL should be discussed in the module. Since in the late stage of dementia, almost all PwD have impairment in ADL. • This manual contains relaxation exercises. Instructions must be more structured and practical to make this self-support program easier.