Table 2.

Summarized literature search on last 12 miRNAs differentially expressed between nicotine- and saline-exposed males.

	Highlighted findings: Cognition & learning	Highlighted findings: Nicotine and cigarette use	Highlighted findings: Stress and depression	Highlighted findings: Estrogen and reproduction	Citation	Model
miR-128-3p	• miRNA inhibition in hippocampus impaired performance in spatial learning task • Shown to target learning through regulation of neurogenesis-associated gene transcript Dcx				[74]	Mouse
		• Altered expression in serum and lung of cigarette smoke-exposed mice			[75]	Mouse
			• Upregulated in amygdala of rats showing depressive-like behavior		[76]	Rat
		• Trending upregulation in serum of smokers			[77]	Human
miR-151-3p			• Upregulated in CSF of major depressive disorder patients		[78]	Human
	• Upregulated in dentate gyrus following induction of LTP				[79]	Rat
miR-25-3p		• Shown to suppress expression of liver enzyme gene transcript CYP2B6 (enzyme that contributes to nicotine metabolism)			[80]	Human hepatocyte cell culture
	• Shown to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons				[81]	Rat hippocampal cell culture
		• Upregulated by cigarette smoke exposure			[82]	Human pancreatic tissue
miR-141-3p		• Upregulated in plasma following adolescent nicotine exposure			[83]	Rat
			• Shown to downregulate Fkbp5 transcript in myoblast cell line	• Upregulated in skeletal muscle of ovariectomized mice	[84]	Myoblast cell line and mouse
miR-151-5p	• Shown to promote contextual fear memory in hippocampus through regulation of Aph1a				[85]	Mouse
miR-19a-3p	• Downregulated in serum of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients • Downregulated in hippocampus of ASD model mice			• Downregulated in sperm of ASD model mice	[86]	Human and mouse
		• Upregulated in female prefrontal cortex (PFC) following nicotine self-administration			[87]	Rat
			• Upregulated in PFC of patients who died of suicide • Upregulated in blood cells of patients experiencing suicidal ideation		[88]	Human
				• Upregulated in serum of patients receiving hormone replacement therapy	[89]	Human
miR-30b-5p				• Upregulated by estradiol exposure • Shown to be regulated specifically by estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)	[90]	Human endothelial cells
		• Master regulator of gene expression networks dysregulated by perinatal nicotine and alcohol exposure			[91]	Rat
miR-32-5p	• Downregulated in saliva of ASD patients				[92]	Human
				• Upregulated by ERα-knockdown	[93]	Mouse prostate cancer cell line
miR-465b-3p	N/A
miR-465c-3p				• Sperm expression correlated with sperm cell maturation	[94]	Mouse
miR-672-5p	• Hippocampal upregulation in offspring of stress model mice		• Upregulated in sperm of stress model mice • Hippocampal upregulation in offspring of stress model mice	• Upregulated in sperm of stress model mice	[65]	Mouse
				• Shown to be selectively secreted in extracellular vesicles derived from epididymis	[95]	Mouse
			• Downregulated in PFC of stress-resistant mice • Downregulated in PFC of norepinephrine transporter knockout mice		[96]	Mouse
			• Upregulated in amygdala of depression model mice		[76]	Mouse
			• Upregulated by prednisone exposure		[97]	Rat osteoblast culture
miR-871-3p			• Upregulated in PFC of depression model mice		[98]	Mouse
			• Sex-dependent changes in hippocampal transcript expression (adrenalectomized rats; post-corticosterone administration)		[99]	Rat
			• Male-biased expression in pituitary gland during adolescence		[100]	Mouse
				• Shown to evade meiotic sex chromosome inactivation in testis	[101]	Mouse
			• Upregulated in cauda epididymosomes of stress model mice	• Upregulated in cauda epididymosomes of stress model mice	[102]	Mouse