Table 1.
Thirteen questions for average AI comfort score calculation, administered by tablet survey or paper/pencil format*
| ID | On a scale of 1 to 10 how comfortable you would be with: | Average | SD | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A computer telling your surgeon the best treatment option for your condition | 4.5 | 3.2 | 28 |
| 2 | A computer telling your surgeon your predicted surgical outcome (i.e., good or bad prognosis)? | 3.9 | 3.2 | 28 |
| 3 | Your surgeon consulting a computer algorithm to determine your predicted surgical outcome (i.e., good or bad prognosis)? | 4.2 | 3.0 | 27 |
| 4 | Your surgeon using a robot to assist during your surgery | 5.3 | 3.6 | 27 |
| 5 | Your surgeon using artificial intelligence or machine learning to predict complications with your surgery | 4.2 | 3.0 | 27 |
| 6 | Your surgeon using artificial intelligence or machine learning to predict your chance of surgical failure/disease recurrence | 4.0 | 3.1 | 27 |
| 7 | Your surgeon using artificial intelligence or machine learning in your care if your primary reason for visiting was because of a broken bone | 4.0 | 3.2 | 27 |
| 8 | Your surgeon using artificial intelligence or machine learning in your care if your primary reason for visiting was because of a sports injury | 4.1 | 3.0 | 27 |
| 9 | Your surgeon using artificial intelligence or machine learning in your care if your primary reason for visiting was because of a spine condition causing neck or back pain | 3.8 | 3.0 | 27 |
| 10 | Your surgeon using artificial intelligence or machine learning in your care if your primary reason for visiting was because of spine or neck pain | 3.9 | 3.2 | 26 |
| 11 | Your surgeon using artificial intelligence or machine learning in your care if your primary reason for visiting was because of shoulder, elbow, or hand pain | 4.4 | 3.2 | 26 |
| 12 | Undergoing surgery performed entirely by a robot, under the supervision of your surgeon, with your surgeon in the same room | 3.8 | 3.3 | 25 |
| 13 | Undergoing surgery performed entirely by a robot, under the supervision of your surgeon, with your surgeon outside the room and monitoring your operation from a distance | 2.8 | 2.7 | 25 |
*This iteration of the survey was halted and then delivered electronically via RedCAP due to the onset of the Covid− 19 pandemic. Question 9 was identified as redundant to Question 10 and replaced in the second iteration of the survey