Table 3.
Demographic, orthopaedic, and technology use descriptive statistics and stratified AI comfort level
| Characteristicd | Frequency/Mean | Average AI comfort level | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | p value | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 57.7 (15.0) | – | – |
| Age category, n (%) | 0.0315 | ||
| 18–< 45 | 83 (20.9) | 6.0 (2.4) | |
| 45–< 55 | 77 (19.4) | 6.0 (2.3) | |
| 55–< 65 | 90 (22.7) | 6.8 (2.4) | |
| 65—< 75 | 96 (24.2) | 6.8 (2.4) | |
| 75 + | 51 (12.8) | 6.3 (2.2) | |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.0001 | ||
| Female | 247 (62.2) | 6.1 (2.4) | |
| Male | 141 (35.5) | 7.1 (2.2) | |
| Other/Unknown | 9 (2.3) | 5.6 (3.4) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.0029 | ||
| Less than HS/Unknown | 25 (6.3) | 5.3 (2.5) | |
| High school/equivalent | 97 (24.4) | 6.0 (2.7) | |
| Associate degree | 52 (13.1) | 5.8 (2.3) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 99 (24.9) | 6.8 (2.2) | |
| Graduate degree | 124 (31.2) | 6.9 (2.1) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.3139 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 302 (76.1) | 6.5 (2.3) | |
| Non-white/Hispanic | 74 (18.6) | 6.2 (2.3) | |
| Unknown | 21 (5.3) | 5.7 (3.2) | |
| Religion, n (%) | 0.1477 | ||
| Catholicism | 118 (29.7) | 6.4 (2.5) | |
| Protestantism | 70 (17.6) | 6.6 (2.1) | |
| Other | 93 (23.4) | 6.3 (2.3) | |
| No religion | 80 (20.2) | 6.9 (2.3) | |
| Unknown | 36 (9.1) | 5.6 (2.6) | |
| Occupation, n (%) | 0.4252 | ||
| Healthcare | 68 (17.1) | 6.5 (2.2) | |
| Management | 40 (10.1) | 6.4 (2.8) | |
| Skilled trade | 20 (5.0) | 6.2 (2.6) | |
| Education | 27 (6.8) | 6.7 (2.2) | |
| Other/Multiple fields | 134 (33.8) | 6.6 (2.2) | |
| Retired | 74 (18.6) | 6.6 (2.2) | |
| Student/Unemployed/Unknown | 34 (8.6) | 5.2 (3.0) | |
| Survey format, n (%) | < .0001 | ||
| REDCap | 348 (87.7) | 6.6 (2.2) | |
| Tablet | 30 (7.6) | 4.0 (2.7) | |
| Paper | 19 (4.8) | 6.4 (2.8) | |
| Survey site, n (%) | 0.4096 | ||
| Rural integrated health system | 184 (46.4) | 6.3 (2.5) | |
| Urban academic health system | 213 (53.6) | 6.5 (2.3) | |
| Orthopaedic complaint, n (%) | 0.5191 | ||
| Neck/back pain | 181 (45.6) | 6.6 (2.2) | |
| Foot/ankle/hand/wrist pain | 33 (8.3) | 6.3 (2.3) | |
| Knee pain | 71 (17.9) | 6.0 (2.3) | |
| Hip pain | 36 (9.1) | 6.8 (2.2) | |
| Shoulder/elbow pain | 34 (8.6) | 6.1 (3.1) | |
| Other | 16 (4.0) | 6.2 (2.2) | |
| Unknown | 26 (6.6) | 6.3 (3.0) | |
| Prior orthopaedic surgery, n (%) | 0.0814 | ||
| No | 173 (43.6) | 6.4 (2.3) | |
| Yes, one | 102 (25.7) | 6.4 (2.4) | |
| Yes, multiple | 106 (26.7) | 6.7 (2.4) | |
| Unknown | 16 (4.0) | 5.0 (2.3) | |
| Cell phone use frequency, n (%) | 0.1983 | ||
| > 1 h/day | 300 (75.6) | 6.5 (2.3) | |
| < 1 h/day | 63 (15.9) | 6.6 (2.3) | |
| Only to make calls | 23 (5.8) | 5.7 (2.7) | |
| Never/Do not own a cell phone | 4 (1.0) | 6.0 (2.8) | |
| Unknown | 7 (1.8) | 4.2 (2.3) | |
| Computer use frequency, n (%) | 0.0535 | ||
| > 3 h/day | 184 (46.4) | 6.7 (2.2) | |
| 1–3 h/day | 107 (27.0) | 6.6 (2.3) | |
| < 1 h/day | 50 (12.6) | 6.1 (2.6) | |
| Weekly | 21 (5.3) | 6.4 (2.4) | |
| Monthly | 14 (3.5) | 5.4 (2.7) | |
| Never/Do not own a computer | 15 (3.8) | 4.9 (2.9) | |
| Unknown | 6 (1.5) | 4.4 (3.4) | |
| Experience with AI/ML, n (%) | < .0001 | ||
| Work(ed) in a field relevant/directly related to AI/ML | 22 (5.5) | 7.1 (1.9) | |
| Understand how AI/ML function | 64 (16.1) | 7.4 (1.8) | |
| Have researched terms | 44 (11.1) | 7.1 (2.0) | |
| Have heard of terms | 174 (43.8) | 6.3 (2.4) | |
| Do not know AI/ML/Unknown | 93 (23.4) | 5.6 (2.6) | |
| Average AI comfort level, mean (SD) | 6.4 (2.4) | – | – |
| Average AI comfort level, n (%) | – | ||
| ≤ Median (6.8) | 192 (48.4) | – | |
| > Median (6.8) | 195 (49.1) | – | |
| Unknown | 10 (2.5) | ||