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. 2022 Jun 18;13(2):739–753. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.011

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Identification of 326E inhibits lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes with more effective than BA. (A)–(B) Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with the indicated concentration of 326F or BA for 24 h. 0.1 μCi/well [1,2-14C]-acetate was added into the culture medium at last 4 h of incubation. The contents of [1,2-14C]-acetate incorporated into fatty acids (A) and cholesterol (B) were measured. The radioactive content of lipids was normalized to DMSO group (n = 4); (C) Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with the indicated concentration of 326F or BA for 6 h. The rate of gluconeogenesis in the medium induced by pyruvate (2 mmol/L) and lactate (20 mmol/L) was measured. The content of glucose output was normalized to DMSO group (n = 4); (D) Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with the indicated concentration of 326F or BA for 6 h in the gluconeogenesis medium as (C), with or without suppled with 4.0 mmol/L l-glutamine in the indicated group. The content of glucose output was normalized to DMSO group (n = 4); (E) The structure of 326F, 326Z and 326E; (F)–(G) Primary mouse hepatocytes contain 0.1 μCi/well [1,2-14C]-acetate were treated for 4 h with the indicated concentration of 326F, 326E, 326Z and BA. The contents of [1,2-14C]-acetate incorporated into fatty acids (F) and cholesterol (G) were measured. The radioactive content of lipids was normalized to DMSO group (n = 3–4); (H) The Schematic diagram of the experiment. Male golden hamsters fed an HFHC diet for 2 weeks, then oral administration of 326E (10 mg/kg), 326Z (10 mg/kg) and BA (30 mg/kg) for another 2 weeks (n = 8). HFHC diet, high fat high cholesterol diet (normal chow supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol, 23% fat and 5% Fructose, w/w); (I)–(L) Serum levels of TG (I), TC (J), LDL-C (K) and HDL-C (L) in the groups were determined and plotted at indicated time. The hamsters were fasted overnight before the experiment. Data are mean ± SEM; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 compared to DMSO or Veh. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 compared to indicated group. ns, not significant.