Juxtaposed timelines of notable advances generated in syngeneic cell line transplant models of cancer (dark green), carcinogen-induced models of cancer (purple), virally-induced models of cancer (blue), GEMM of cancer (orange), and humanized PDX models of cancer (light green). These timelines are set in the context of major findings and theoretical advances in the study of cancer immunology, marked above with yellow markers. Created with BioRender.com. Abbreviations: MHC, major histocompatibility complex; CPI, checkpoint inhibitor; KO, knock-out; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; RAGKO, recombination activating gene kock-out; SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency; GEMM, genetically-engineered mouse model; SV40, simian virus 40; APC, adenomatous polyposis coli; Cre-LoxP, Cre-recombinase-LoxP; PDX, patient-derived xenografts; RAG1, recombination activating gene 1; RAG2, recombination activating gene 2