Figure 7.
Biosensing strategies based on MNMs. (A) The detection of IgG by Fe3O4@SiO2/Pt nanomotor-assisted immunoassay system. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 174. Copyright © 2022 Springer–Verlag GmbH Austria; (B) schematic illustration of AIB1 protein detection in breast cancer cells based on the fluorescence change of nanomotors. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 175. Copyright © 2019 Wiley–VCH; (C) self-propelled IrO2/Pt bilayer micromotors as tags for protein detection. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 176. Copyright © 2019 Wiley–VCH; (D) Magnetic nanorobots as maneuverable immunoassay probes for improving the detection efficiency of ELISA. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 178. Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society; (E) the changed motion signal of catalase powered micromotor for the detection of the target DNA. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 180. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier; (F) miRNAs sensing in real time based on the ultrasound propelled nanomotors. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 183. Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society; (G) the sensing of bacterial endotoxin using magnetocatalytic graphene quantum dots Janus micromotors. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 184. Copyright © 2017 Wiley–VCH; (H) spored-derived fluorescent magnetic microrobots for real-time sensing of bacterial toxins. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 185. Copyright © 2019 American Association for the Advancement of Science; (I) the urease-powered micromotors modified with DNA nanoswitch for sensing the pH change and micromotors intrinsic activity. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 186. Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.