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. 2022 Oct 13;13(2):517–541. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.010

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MNMs for minimally invasive microsurgery. (A) A self-propelled nanotool that drilled into a cell. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 200. Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society; (B) a thermo/magnetic-responsive micromotor for manipulating a single cell or a few cells. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 201. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society; (C) a magnetic micromotor that drilled and performed incision operations toward a porcine liver tissue. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 53. Copyright © 2013 Royal Society of Chemistry; (D) a PFC-loaded microbullet propelled by ultrasound for penetrating, cleaving and expanding a tissue. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 52. Copyright © 2012 Wiley–VCH; (E) An implantable micromotor enabling rotational movements and drug delivery in a living rabbit eye. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 202. Copyright © 2014 Wiley–VCH; (F) A star-shaped tetherless microgripper. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 203. Copyright © 2013 Wiley–VCH.