Heteromeric assembly mechanism and the proposed electrostatic reorganization around the P2 catalytic site. (a) Revised model of PDX1.2 and PDX1.3 coassembly. Each subclass is annotated as 12:0, 11:1, 10:2, 9:3, etc., where the integers correspond to the number of PDX1.2 subunits relative to number of PDX1.3 subunits. Only one representative combination per class is shown while the total number of possible combinations is variable based on stoichiometry, symmetry operations, and lateral favorability in the rings. (b) The potential impact of PDX1.2 on PDX1.3 activity can be through I1′and I3 interfaces, surrounding the catalytic site P2 in each monomer. (c) Electrostatic surface potential map of the area surrounding the P2 site in PDX1.3 homocomplex. The yellow molecule represents PLP. The models (d−f) were constructed by replacing PDX1.3 monomers with the cryo-EM structure of PDX1.2 monomers. Note the significantly changed electrostatic potential on the upper left of the P2 site in model d.