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. 2023 Mar 1;25:23. doi: 10.1186/s13058-023-01621-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Low-ER tumors are distinct from luminal B tumors. A Details of the luminal B tumors included in TMAs as a comparison to Low-ER tumors. B, C H&E staining showing typical features of a luminal B tumor (high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma ER+ (> 90%) PR+ (30%) HER2- high Ki67 tumor). B Lower power image showing a poorly differentiated carcinoma with irregular, infiltrative borders (1X H&E). C Tumor cells infiltrating as small solid nests with scattered tubule formation within a desmoplastic stroma. Note the lack of necrosis, solid growth, and a tumor associated lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate typically seen in breast carcinomas with basal-like characteristics (20X H&E). D, E ER expression (D) and intensity (E) levels of the luminal B tumors. F Representative images of Krt5 IHC staining in low-ER TMAs. G Quantified Krt5 expression in luminal B and low-ER TMAs. H Representative images of TSA staining containing heterogeneous populations in low-ER TMAs. Samples were stained with Krt8 (purple), Krt5 (cyan), Krt14 (white), ER (green), and DAPI (blue). White arrows point to basal tumor cells, yellow arrows point to luminal tumor cells, and green arrows point to lumino-basal tumor cells. I Quantification of different cell phenotypes found within 13 of the low-ER TMA cores which were found to harbor heterogeneous populations (TMA cores with homogenous populations were excluded)