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(a–c) thermal response of the transparent film (T = 87%, 150 Ω sq–1), including the temperature response (a), current response (b) at different onset voltage, and (c) infrared radiation image at 5 V. (d) The time-varying surface temperature of the transparent film with different Rs at 3 V. (e) Thermal response of repeated on–off at an applied voltage of 3 V. (f) Temperature and resistance change in the course of continuous operation for 7 h.
