Romagnoli 1976.

Study characteristics
Methods	Single‐centre, randomised controlled trial conducted in Italy
Participants	Inclusion criteria: quote: "Preterm newborn infants" (gestation not specified) Exclusion criteria: severe respiratory disease; haemolytic conditions; septic conditions; malformation
Interventions	Total N = 90  Group I (n = 31): no intervention (exchange transfusion if required) Group II (n = 31): continuous phototherapy (started day 1 of life, stopped day 5 of life (average 96 hours)) Group III (n = 28): intermittent phototherapy (12 hours on, 12 hours off; started day of life, stopped day 7 of life (total 72 hours of phototherapy))
Outcomes	Primary outcome (quote:) "Somatic development during the first four weeks of life" Reported outcomes Daily bilirubin level for first 7 days of life Bilirubin level > 12 mg/dL Bilirubin level > 15 mg/dL Exchange transfusion Weekly weight and head circumference for first 4 weeks of life
Notes	Article in Italian
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Sequence generation not described ((quote:) "Subjects included in the study were assigned 'randomly' to one of the three study groups").
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Allocation concealment not described ((quote:) "Subjects included in the study were assigned 'randomly' to one of the three study groups").
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Unblinded study with objective outcome measures
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Unblinded study with objective outcome measures
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Unblinded study with objective outcome measures
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Completeness of data not specified
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Study protocol not available
Other bias	Low risk	No other potential sources of bias were identified.