Figure 1.

Overview of an integrated bioelectronic system for detecting eye movements and persistent HMI. (A) Photographs of an all-in-one wireless wearable system for EOG-based HMI. (B) Photographs of a skin-like nanomembrane electrode with a zoom-in view (top) and skin-mounted view (bottom) around the eye. (C) Comparison of EOG signals detected by a conventional gel electrode and a dry gold electrode, capturing the higher performance of the dry one. (D) Skin rash after removal of the gel electrode from the skin (top-left) compared to no adverse event for the skin with the dry electrode (bottom-left), continuous mounting of the dry one on the skin for multiple hours (right). (E) Overview of signal processing steps from EOG detection to classification for an example of EOG-based RC car control, as demonstrated in this work.