Figure 3.

Characterization of mechanical behavior and compatibility of the membrane electrodes. (A) Computational study results of mechanical behavior estimation of an electrode with stretching and bending. (B) Experimental validation of the electrode’s reliability with stretching and bending. (C) Resistance measurements of the electrode to quantify the reliability, showing negligible changes during stretching and bending. (D) Comparison of skin biocompatibility of a gel electrode (left) and a gold dry electrode (right), showing that the dry electrode has no side effects while the gel electrode causes skin irritation and elevates temperature.